Lowering the Voting Age to 16

Jan Eichhorn is Senior Lecturer in Social Policy at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and Research Director of the Berlin-based think tank d|part. His research focuses on political participation and attitudes with a particular emphasis on young people.Johannes Bergh is Head of the Norwegian National Election Studies Program. He has led two research projects that studied the Norwegian trials with voting at 16. His research focuses on political behavior generally, but especially that of young people.

• 1. Introduction (J. Bergh, J. Eichhorn).- 2. Consequences of Lowering the Voting Age to 16: Lessons from Comparative Research (M.N. Franklin).- 3. Understanding the Policy Drivers and Effects of Voting Age Reform (A. Mycock, T. Loughran, J. Tonge).- 4. Political Knowledge, Civic Education and Voting at 16 (H. Milner).- 5. Voting at 16 in Practice: A review of the Austrian Case (J. Aichholzer, S. Kritzinger).- 6. Does Voting at a Younger Age have an Effect on Satisfaction with Democracy and Political Trust? Evidence from Latin America (C. Sanhueza Petrarca).- 7. Votes at 16 in Scotland: Political Experiences Beyond the Vote Itself (C. Hubner, J. Eichhorn).- 8. Votes at 16 in Germany: Examining Sub-National Variation (A. Leininger, T. Faas).- 9. Modernizing Voting in a Post-Transition Country: The Estonian Experience of Lowering the Voting Age (A. Toots, T. Idnurm).- 10. Why did Young Norwegians Mobilize: External Events or Early Enfranchisement? (G. Odegard, J. Bergh, J. Saglie).- 11. Lowering the Voting Age from the Ground Up: The United States' Experience in Allowing 16-Year-Olds to Vote (J. Douglas).- 12. Conclusion (J. Eichhorn, J. Bergh).