Liver Transplantation

JAMES NEUBERGER, DM, FRCP is Consultant Physician in the Liver Unit, Birmingham, UK. A previous President of the British Association for the Study of the Liver, he has over 35 years of liver transplantation and disease experience and has edited five books on liver disease and liver transplantation and published extensively in liver disease and transplantation.JAMES FERGUSON, MD, FRCPE is Consultant Hepatologist at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, UK. He has extensive experience in managing patients with liver disease and in liver transplantation. PHILIP N. NEWSOME, PHD, FRCPE is Professor of Experimental Hepatology and Honorary Consultant Hepatologist, Director of Research and Knowledge Transfer for the College of Medical & Dental Sciences and Director of the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research in the University of Birmingham, UK. Currently Secretary General of the European Association for the Study of the Liver, he continues to research in all aspects of liver disease and stem cell therapy. MICHAEL RONAN LUCEY, MD, FRCPI is Chief of the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. A past President of the American Society of Transplantation, he continues to publish widely in the field of liver disease and liver transplantation.

• List of Contributors xForeword to the Second Edition xxForeword to the First Edition xxiPreface xxiiAbbreviations xxiiiPart 1 When to Refer a Patient for Liver Transplantation 11 Overview on Organ Donation and Liver Transplantation 3Michael Ronan Lucey2 Predicting Outcomes and Use and Abuse of Prognostic Models 11Moira B. Hilscher and Patrick S. KamathPart 2 Selection, Assessment, and Management on the List 193 Assessment of the Potential Transplant Recipient 21Michael L. Volk4 Frailty and the Potential Liver Transplant Candidate 27Matthew J. Armstrong and Jennifer C. Lai5 Alcohol Use (excluding Alcohol-Related Liver Disease), Tobacco, Marijuana, and Illicit Drugs 33John P. Rice6 The Role of the Psychiatric Consultant in the Selection, Assessment, and Management of Liver Transplant Patients 39Robert M. Weinrieb and Arpita Goswami-Banerjee7 When Liver Transplant Patients Do Not Adhere to Therapeutic Plans 48Kerry Webb and Rowena Jones8 Liver Transplant Assessment for Young People: Addressing the Needs of Young People with Liver Disease 55Marianne Samyn and Jemma Marie Day9 Assessment and Management of the Patient with Hepatitis C 64Emma L. Hathorn and David J. Mutimer10 Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Pre Transplantation 68Bruno Roche and Didier Samuel11 Transplantation for the Management of Malignancy 74Adiba I. Azad, Julie K. Heimbach, and Gregory J. Gores12 Assessment and Management of the Liver Transplant Candidate with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure 82Giovanni Perricone and Rajiv Jalan13 Assessment and Management of the Transplant Candidate with Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease 96Stéphanie Faure, Magdalena Meszaros, Lucy Meunier, Hélène Donnadieu-Rigole, and Georges-Philippe Pageaux14 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as an Indication for Liver Transplantation 104Paul Horn and Philip N. Newsome15 Consent 109Christopher J.E. Watson16 Prehabilitation and General Management 116Matthew J. Armstrong and Felicity R. Williams17 Removal of Patients from the Liver Transplant Waiting List 123John O’Grady18 Palliative Care and Liver Transplantation 126Mina Rakoski and Puneeta TandonPart 3 Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure 13519 Assessment of the Patient with Acute Liver Failure 137Ashley Barnabas and John O’Grady20 Management of the Patient with Fulminant Hepatic Failure Awaiting Liver Transplantation 143Robert J. FontanaPart 4 Donation and Allocation 15321 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Organ Donation 155Jessica Mellinger22 Liver Allocation, Including Principles of Organ Allocation 161Parita Patel and Michael Charlton23 Living Donor Liver Transplant in Children 168Adebowale A. Adeyemi, Elizabeth B. Rand, and Kim M. Olthoff24 Living Liver Donation in Adults 180Mohamed Rela and Ashwin Rammohan25 Deceased Liver Donors: Standard and Expanded Criteria 190Shareef Syed and Sandy Feng26 Donor-Transmitted Disease 203James Neuberger27 Liver Donation and Preservation 209Navneet Tiwari and Hynek Mergental28 Liver Retrieval and Preservation 223Carlo D.L. Ceresa, Brian R. Davidson, Peter J. Friend, and Rutger J. Ploeg29 Alternatives to Whole Graft Liver Transplantation 236Paolo Muiesan, Alessandro Parente, and Hector Vilca-Melendez30 Surgical Aspects of Deceased Donor Transplantation 252Amit Nair, K.V. Narayanan Menon, Cristiano Quintini, and Charles MillerPart 5 Care of the Liver Transplant Recipient 26531 Outcomes after Liver Transplantation 267James Neuberger32 Outpatient Follow-Up of Liver Transplant Recipients 276Amardeep Khanna and James Ferguson33 Medication Adherence 285Maureen Whitsett and Josh Levitsky34 Transitional Care 299Fiona Thompson35 Managing the Liver Transplant Recipient with Abnormal Liver Blood Tests 303Joanna A. Leithead36 The Immune System in Liver Transplantation: Rejection versus Tolerance 317Palak J. Trivedi and Nick D. Jones37 Immunosuppressive Medications: Liver Transplantation 334Tim Mitchell and Gerry MacQuillan38 Immunosuppression in Liver Transplantation 344Nicholas Lim and John R. Lake39 Patterns of Liver Allograft Rejection 353Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Ken Liu, Avik Majumdar, Patrick Bertolino, David G. Bowen, and Simone I. Strasser40 De Novo Autoimmune Hepatitis 360James Neuberger41 Managing Rejection 364Neil Halliday and Douglas Thorburn42 Withdrawal of Immunosuppression after Liver Transplantation 386Luca Toti, Tommaso Maria Manzia, Francesca Blasi, and Giuseppe Tisone43 Liver Transplant Pathology 393Owen L. Cain and Stefan G. Hübscher44 Care of the Liver Transplant Recipient: Management of Renal Function 403Andres F. Carrion and Paul Martin45 Managing Cardiovascular Risk in the Liver Transplant Recipient 409Manhal Izzy and Kymberly D. Watt46 Bone Disease in Liver Transplantation 418John Ayuk47 Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Autoimmune Liver Disease 424Fernanda Q. Onofrio, Nazia Selzner, and Gideon M. Hirschfield48 NAFLD and NASH in the Patient after Liver Transplantation 438Paul Horn and Philip N. Newsome49 Recurrent Metabolic Diseases 445James Neuberger50 Treatment of Hepatitis C in the Transplant Setting 449Jeffrey Kahn and Norah A. Terrault51 Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Post Transplantation 458Bruno Roche and Didier Samuel52 Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Following Liver Transplantation 469Michael J. Williams and Peter C. Hayes53 Cytomegalovirus and the Liver Transplant Recipient 475James Ferguson54 Post-Liver Transplant Infections 481Miruna David and Ahmed Elsharkawy55 De Novo Malignancies after Liver Transplantation 493Simone I. Strasser, Ken Liu, Avik Majumdar, and Geoffrey W. McCaughan56 Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders 500Jose Ignacio Herrero57 Quality of Life and Employment after Liver Transplantation 507Santiago Tome, Esteban Otero, and Michael Ronan Lucey58 Sexual Function, Fertility, and Pregnancy in Liver Disease and after Liver Transplantation 514Patrizia Burra, Salvatore Stefano Sciarrone, and Patrizio Bo59 Common Drug Interactions 519Amanda Smith60 Immunization and Liver Transplantation 525Jessica Hause and Erin SpenglerPostscript 529James NeubergerIndex 531