Liquid-Liquid InterfacesTheory and Methods

Alexander G. Volkov, David W. Deamer

• 1. Equilibrium electric potential between two immiscible electrolyte solutions /T. Kakiuchi -- I. Distribution potential -- A. Phase-boundary potential -- B. Distribution potential at ITIES -- 1. Nernst equation -- 2. Standard ion transfer potential -- 3. Calculation of distribution potential -- 4. Distribution potential in the presence of ion pair formation and complex formation reactions -- 5. Distribution of potential -- 6. Distribution potential in small systems -- II. Polarizability of the liquid-liquid interface -- III. Nonpolarized ITIES and reference potentials in organic phases -- IV. Free energy of coupling of ion transfer and electron transfer -- 1. Mixed potential determined by electron transfer and ion transfer at ITIES -- 2. Partition of indifferent electrolyte ions -- 3. Relative strength of ion transfer and electron transfer -- V. Conclusions -- VI. References -- 2. Volta and surface potentials at liquid /liquid interfaces /Z. Koczorowski -- I. Introduction -- II. Electrified liquid /liquid interfaces and their electrical potentials -- III. Volta potential and voltaic cells -- IV. Voltaic cells with water /nonpolar liquid interfaces -- V. Voltaic cells with immiscible electrolyte solution interface -- VI. Experimental methods of investigation of voltaic cells -- VII. Final remarks -- VIII. References -- 3. Ion solvation /Y. Marcus -- I. Introduction -- II. The relevant properties of ions -- III. The relevant properties of solvents -- IV. Quantities describing ionic hydration -- A. Thermodynamics of ion hydration -- B. Methods of investigation -- C. Other properties relevant to ion hydration -- D. The data -- E. Interpretation -- V. Transfer of ions into non-aqueous solvents -- A. Methods of investigation -- B. The data -- C. Interpretation -- VI. Preferential ion solvation in mixed solvents -- VII. References -- 4. Adsorption isotherms and the structure of oil /water interface /V. S. Markin and A. G. Volkov -- I. Introduction -- II. Surface solution