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Over the past two decades, the Department of Defense has been moving toward commercial-military integration for manufacturing, while at the same time, the printed circuit board industry has been moving steadilyoffshore. Today, many in DoD, the U.S. Congress, and the federal government lack a clear understanding of the importance of high-quality, trustworthy printed circuit boards (PrCBs) for properly functioningweapons and other defense systems and components. To help develop this understanding, DOD requested the NRC to identify and assess the key issues affecting PrCBs for military use. This report presents a discussion of how to ensure DOD's access to reliable printed circuits; an assessment of its vulnerability to the global printed circuit supply chain; and suggestions about ways to secure the design and manufactureof printed circuits. In addition, this report offers recommendations to help DoD (1) preserve existing systems' capabilities, (2) improve the military's access to currently available PrCBs, and (3) ensure access to future PrCB technology. The recommendations reflect the need to achievethese goals at reasonable cost and in concert with evolving environmental regulations.Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Background and Overview2 The Printed Circuit Technology Industry3 Military Needs for Printed Circuit Technology4 Printed Circuit Technology Assessment5 A Systems ApproachAppendix A Committee MembersAppendix B Selected Abbreviations and AcronymsAppendix C Agenda of the Workshop on Manufacturing Trends for Printed Circuit TechnologyAppendix D Workshop AttendeesAppendix E Lead-Free ElectronicsAppendix F Sample Fabrication Sequence for a Standard Printed Circuit Board