Ligaments of the Vertebral Column

Mehmet Turgut, MD, PhD, is Professor of Neurosurgery at Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydın, Türkiye. He has honorary professorship at International Joint Laboratory of Nervous System Malformation, Henan, PR China. He is an editorial board member for 25 international journals including European Spine Journal, Surgical Neurology International, Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A, Journal of Spine, Journal of Pediatric Neurology, Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury, and Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. He is the lead or co-author of more than 300 peer-reviewed publications and over 20 books including Pituitary Apoplexy, Hydatidosis of the Central Nervous System, Complications of CSF Shunting in Hydrocephalus, The Chiari Malformations, The Sutures of the Skull, Subdural Hematoma, The Corpus Callosum, Incidental Findings of the Central Nervous System, and The Human Hippocampus. R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD, is Professor of Neurosurgery at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. He has honorary professorships at Dundee University, Dundee, Scotland and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. He has published over 2,100 peer-reviewed publications and over 60 books, including The Chiari Malformations, Gray’s Anatomy Review, Gray’s Clinical Photographic Dissector of the Human Body, editions 1-3, Netter’s Introduction to Clinical Procedures, Anatomy for Plastic Surgery of the Face, Head, and Neck, Nerves and Nerve Injuries volumes I and II, A History of Human Anatomy, and Bergman’s Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation. He is an editor for the 41st and 42nd editions of Gray’s Anatomy and is editor-in-chief of the 43rd edition of Gray’s Anatomy and the journal Clinical Anatomy. He is currently president of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists. Ahmet T. Turgut, MD, is Professor of Radiology in Ankara, Türkiye. He has 25 years experience in the field of radiology. Dr. Turgut’s research interests include diagnostic and interventional oncologic imaging and neuroradiology. He has published more than 100 original papers in peer-reviewed journals and authored more than 60 book chapters. He has served as co-editor for ten reference books published by Springer. He has given more than 100 invited lectures at distinguished scientific meetings. He served as the Congress President in ESUR 2013, 20th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology held in Istanbul, Turkey. He served as executive board member and general secretary of the Turkish Society of Radiology from 2011 to 2013. He was given Honorary Membership by Iranian Society of Radiology and Georgian Association of Radiology, respectively. Joe Iwanaga, DDS, PhD, is an oral and maxillofacial surgeon and clinical anatomist in the Department of Neurosurgery at Tulane University School of Medicine. With over 700 peer-reviewed publications, he is internationally recognized for his contributions to head and neck anatomy. He is author to Gray’s Anatomy, and serves on the international advisory board for Netter’s Atlas of Anatomy. He has edited over 15 books, including Atlas of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy and Cerebrospinal Fluid and Subarachnoid Space. He has held visiting professorships in Japan, Thailand, and the Caribbean, and serves as a section editor for Clinical Anatomy. His achievements have earned him numerous accolades, including the 2025 IAOMS/IJOMS Research Publication Award and honors from the American Association of Clinical Anatomists. Fuyou Guo, MD, is Professor of Neurosurgery at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China, the Director of International Joint Laboratory of Henan. He obtained MD degree from Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China, in 2005. He underwent postdoctoral research in University of Michigan, Ann arbor, USA in 2008. His fields of expertise include cerebrovascular diseases, congenital malformations, and brain tumor. He is board member for two international journals including Glioma, Brain & Heart. He is a reviewer for a wide range of international journals, including Neurological Research, and the FASEB Journal. He is the lead or co-author of more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals and he is one of the editors in five books, including Chiari Malformation, Nervous System Tumors, Perioperative Management in Neurosurgery, Precise Operation for Chiari Malformation, and Incidental Findings of the Nervous System.

• Part 1: History, Embryology, Histology, Neuroanatomy and Imaging of the Spinal Ligaments.- 1. History of the Spinal Ligaments.- 2. Development of the Spinal Ligaments.- 3. Histogenesis of the Spinal Ligaments (light and electron microscopy).- 4. Anatomy of the Spinal Ligaments: Overview.- 5. Biochemical Characterization of the Spinal Ligaments.- 6. Biomechanical Properties of the Spinal Ligaments.- 7. Neuroimaging of the Ligaments of the Craniocervical Junction.- 8. Neuroimaging of the Ligaments of the Subaxial Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbosacral Spine.- Part 2: The Ligaments of the Vertebral Bodies.- 9. The Anterior Longitudinal Ligament.- 10. Posterior longitudinal ligament.- Part 3: The Ligaments of the Vertebral Arches.- 11. The Ligamentum Flavum.- 12. The Interspinous Ligament.- 13. The Supraspinous Ligament.- 14. The Nuchal Ligament.- 15. Intertransverse Ligaments.- 16. The Midline Interlaminar Ligament.- 17. Capsular Ligaments of the Spine.- Part 4: The Craniocervical Ligaments.- 18. Atlanto-occipital ligaments.- 19. Atlanto-axial ligaments.- Part 5: The Costovertebral Ligaments.- 20. Costotransverse and costovertebral joints.- 21. The Lumbocostal Ligament.- Part 6: The Sacroiliac Ligaments.- 22. Ligaments of the Sacrum.- Part 7: Other Ligaments.- 23. Anterior dural (Hofmann's) ligaments.- 24. The Peridural (epidural) Membrane.- 25. The Denticulate Ligaments.- Part 8: Management of Common Clinical Problems Affecting the Spinal Ligaments.- 26. Ossification of Spinal Ligaments.- 27. Rupture of the transverse ligament of the atlas.- 28. Odontoid fractures.- 29. Facet Joint Sprain/Dislocation.- 30. Sacroiliitis.- Part 9: Other.- 31. Medicolegal Problems Regarding Spinal Ligaments.