This proceedings volume contains chapters presented at the International Conference on Lie Algebras and Number Theory (ICLANT-2024), held at the Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, India, from 10–14 June 2024. It discusses recent research on Lie algebras and number theory and studies their applications in several areas in mathematics and physics. Chapters in the book address the representation theory of Lie algebras, superalgebras and number theory. The book aims to emphasize the diversity of Lie theory and its applications to other branches of mathematics, in particular number theory and other areas of physics.