There is a scholarly consensus on the crucial role played by the philosophers of late Antiquity, especially the dominant figure of Plotinus, in reshaping the thought of Plato and Aristotle. It is also well-established that the rise of the Arabic philosophy was fostered by the movement of the Graeco-Arabic transmission. However, the development of coherent theories describing the role of late ancient philosophical thought in the creation of Arabic philosophy has been hampered by poor interaction between the various disciplines involved. The Libraries of the Neoplatonists, with its twin focus on the textual transmission within the schools of late Antiquity and on the dissemination of philosophical writings in the Syriac-speaking and Arabic-speaking areas, provides a magisterial survey of the Neoplatonic transmission of the Greek heritage to later ages and various linguistic areas.