August H. Nimtz is Professor of Political Science and African American and African Studies and Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Minnesota, USA. He is the author of Marx and Engels: Their Contribution to the Democratic Breakthrough (2000), Marx, Tocqueville, and Race in America: The 'Absolute Democracy' or 'Defiled Republic' (2003), and a number of related articles in edited volumes and journals.

• 1. 'Legal and Illegal Work': The Third Duma 2. 'To Prepare for a New Russian Revolution': The Fourth Duma 3. 'The Great War,' 1917, and Beyond 4. Conclusion

"Lenin's reputation as a political thinker should rest on what he wrote and the role that played in the success of the Russian Revolution, and not in what happened 70 years later. No one has made this argument as clearly and with such impressive scholarship, and, therefore too, as convincingly as August Nimtz in this volume. And for something Lenin's electoral strategy that is at is at the center of most of the debates going on in progressive political parties and social movements everywhere today. We ignore Lenin's thinking on this subject at our own peril." Bertell Ollman, Professor of Politics, New York University, USA and author of Alienation and Dance of the Dialectic

August H. Nimtz is Professor of Political Science and African American and African Studies and Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Minnesota, USA. He is the author of Marx and Engels: Their Contribution to the Democratic Breakthrough (2000), Marx, Tocqueville, and Race in America: The 'Absolute Democracy' or 'Defiled Republic' (2003), and a number of related articles in edited volumes and journals.

• 1. 'Legal and Illegal Work': The Third Duma 2. 'To Prepare for a New Russian Revolution': The Fourth Duma 3. 'The Great War,' 1917, and Beyond 4. Conclusion

"Lenin's reputation as a political thinker should rest on what he wrote and the role that played in the success of the Russian Revolution, and not in what happened 70 years later. No one has made this argument as clearly and with such impressive scholarship, and, therefore too, as convincingly as August Nimtz in this volume. And for something Lenin's electoral strategy that is at is at the center of most of the debates going on in progressive political parties and social movements everywhere today. We ignore Lenin's thinking on this subject at our own peril." Bertell Ollman, Professor of Politics, New York University, USA and author of Alienation and Dance of the Dialectic

August H. Nimtz is Professor of Political Science and African American and African Studies and Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Minnesota, USA. He is the author of Marx and Engels: Their Contribution to the Democratic Breakthrough (2000), Marx, Tocqueville, and Race in America: The 'Absolute Democracy' or 'Defiled Republic' (2003), and a number of related articles in edited volumes and journals.

• 1. 'Legal and Illegal Work': The Third Duma 2. 'To Prepare for a New Russian Revolution': The Fourth Duma 3. 'The Great War,' 1917, and Beyond 4. Conclusion

"Lenin's reputation as a political thinker should rest on what he wrote and the role that played in the success of the Russian Revolution, and not in what happened 70 years later. No one has made this argument as clearly and with such impressive scholarship, and, therefore too, as convincingly as August Nimtz in this volume. And for something Lenin's electoral strategy that is at is at the center of most of the debates going on in progressive political parties and social movements everywhere today. We ignore Lenin's thinking on this subject at our own peril." Bertell Ollman, Professor of Politics, New York University, USA and author of Alienation and Dance of the Dialectic