Leibniz: Philosophical Papers, 1677–1686

Lloyd Strickland is an Independent Scholar who has taught at Lancaster University, Manchester Metropolitan University (where he was Professor of Philosophy and Intellectual History), the University of Central Lancashire, and the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David. His research focuses on the history of western philosophy, especially the thought and reception of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, on which he had published many journal articles and numerous books, including Leibniz on Binary: The Invention of Computer Arithmetic (MIT Press, 2022, with Harry Lewis), Leibniz's Key Philosophical Writings: A Guide (Oxford University Press, 2020, with Paul Lodge), Leibniz's Legacy and Impact (Routledge, 2019, with Julia Weckend), and Leibniz's Monadology (Edinburgh University Press, 2014).

• AbbreviationsIntroduction1. Leibniz's Life2. Leibniz's Writings3. Overview: Metaphysics, Natural Philosophy, Ethics, and Jurisprudence4. About the Volumes, Selections of Texts, Apparatus and Typographical ConventionsMetaphysics1. Mostly Metaphysical Notes2. That Not All Possibles Attain Existence3. Demonstration that God Understands All Possibles4. Existence5. On Indifference of Equilibrium6. Matter and Motion Are Only Phenomena7. It Is Easier to Understand God Than Comprehend Body8. Cartesianism, the Antechamber of True Philosophy9. The Elements of True Piety, or, on the Love of God Above All Things10. How the Soul Acts On the Body11. The Distinction Between Mind and Body12. On Necessary or Eternal Truths13. On the Reality of Truth14. The Views of Socrates Opposed to the New Stoics and Epicureans15. On Those Things Conceived Through Themselves16. The Axiom: There Is Nothing in the Intellect That Was Not in the Senses17. On Distinct Perception18. What Is an Idea?19. Cause of Itself20. Middle Knowledge21. Conversation with Steno about Freedom22. On the Necessity of Choosing the Best23. On Proving Divine Existence24. God Wills Nothing Without a Reason25. Created Things are Actually Infinite26. On Free Will27. On the Complete Concept of Substances28. Natural Philosophy and Metaphysics: Definitions and Reflections29. On Affects30. On First Truths31. On Necessity and Contingency32. On Freedom from Necessity in Choosing33. The Origin of Souls and Minds34. An Observation on the Memory and Unity of a Person35. Whether Bodies Are Mere Phenomena36. On Freedom and Grace37. On Freedom and Necessity38. On What is Absurd, False, and Problematic in Descartes39. On the Notion of Extension40. On the Infinite and the Immense41. Reflexive Action42. Remarks on Mr. Descartes' Method and on Reverend Father Malebranche's The Search After Truth43. On Consciousness and Memory44. On the Animal's Soul45. Dangerous Opinions in Descartes46. On the Nature of Mind and Body47. Wonders about the Nature of Corporeal Substance48. On the Analysis of Truths and Human Judgements49. On Cartesian Philosophy, Geometry, and Physics50. Descartes Lost Sight of True Analysis51. On the Cartesian Method of Doubt52. Souls Are Either Created Every Day or Are Coeval with the World53. Difficulties concerning the Nature and Origin of Souls54. On the Creation of Souls and the Origin of Minds55. On Dreams and Wakefulness56. On the Present World57. On the Way of Distinguishing Real Phenomena from Imaginary58. Pleasure. An Observation Against Descartes59. Pleasure60. We Always Perceive Our Body61. On Nature, or the Principle that is Analogous to the Soul62. God is Not the Soul of the World63. On the Goodness of God's Works64. Meditations on Knowledge, Truth, and Ideas65. In Bodies There Is No Perfect Shape66. On Rejecting the Particular Will of God, Against Malebranche67. There Can Be Infinite Degrees Among Souls68. A Vindication of Divine Justice and Human Freedom69. Discourse on Metaphysics70. On Knowledge )71. On the Freedom of the Rational Creature72. On Freedom, Fate, and God's Grace73. On the Nature of Truth, Contingency, and Indifference, and on Freedom and PredeterminationNatural Philosophy74. Parts of Physics75. On the Equipollence of Cause and Effect76. That Every Endeavour is Conserved77. Space and Motion are Really Relations78. That Motion Is a Relative Being79. Pushed Bodies Act by Themselves80. On the Way to Reach the True Analysis of Bodies and the Causes of Natural Things81. Animal Machine82. The Secret of Physical Analysis83. The Laws of Nature, and Observations concerning Motion84. On Distinct and Confused Attributes of Body85. Physical Truths86. Conspectus for a Little Book on the Elements of Physics87. Preface for a Little Book on the Elements of Physics88. The Principles of Mechanics Depend on Metaphysics89. A Plan for Writing a Natural History90. A Consultation about the Promotion of the Knowledge of Nature for the Needs of Life, and about the Formation of a Society for This Purpose91. The Human Body, Like That of Any Animal, Is a Sort of Machine92. On Writing the New Elements of Medicine93. A Brief Demonstration of a Remarkable Error of Descartes and Others Concerning a Law of Nature, According to Which They Claim that God Always Conserves the Same Quantity of Motion, a Law They Misuse Even in Mechanics. Communicated in a Letter Dated 6 January 1686. By G. W. L.Ethics94. A Note on Placcius and Fabri95. On Lying and Mockery96. A Way to Heighten the Appearance of Something97. On Excusing and Accusing98. On Vices in Comedies99. On the Art of Injuring100. Power, Prudence, Reason of State101. Reward. Honour. Praise102. Supreme Happiness, Highest Good, Ultimate End: How They Differ103. The Highest Good104. Happiness. Beatitude105. Good106. The Sense of Life107. On Spiritual Exercises108. The Place of Others109. Importunate Reflections on Human Misery110. On the Art of Controlling the Passions111. Examples of Happy Men112. Plan for the Education of a Prince113. On the Education of a Prince114. On GenerosityJurisprudence115. On Jurisprudence116. On the Enumeration of All Possible Complaints117. The Method of Jurisconsults as an Exemplar for the Method of Medicine118. Disputing in Form119. Commonplaces120. On Inquiring into the Reasons for Laws121. Title 1. On Justice and Law122. On the Interpretation, Reasons, Application, and System of Laws123. On the Three Precepts of Eternal Law124. Modalities and Elements of Natural Law125. Modalities and Definitions126. Rationale of the Digests. Prelude127. Works of Jurisprudence Intended for Practical Use Must Be Known to a Practitioner128. Aphorisms concerning Happiness, Wisdom, Charity, and Justice129. The Principles of Natural Law130. On the Analysis of Thoughts131. On Right and Justice132. On Justice and Writing a New Code of Laws133. On the Common Good134. On the Science of Natural Law135. On Reducing the Law to an Art136. The Science of Charity and the Supreme Rule of Right137. On Justice and Love and the Will of God138. Preface for a New CodeBibliographyIndex