JANET MATHER is Senior Lecturer in Politics at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. She is the author of The European Union and British Democracy: Towards Convergence, and a number of journal articles. She has also contributed chapters to books edited by Neill Nugent, Juliet Lodge and Michael O'Neill amongst others.

• List of Tables and Figures Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction Legitimacy and Legitimation in the Old Europe Adapting Legitimacy to the European Union Liberal Representative Democracy and EU Legitimacy Acting and Interacting: Participatory Democracy and EU Legitimacy A Citizens' European Union The EU's External Performance Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index