Joyeeta Gupta is Professor of Environment and Development in the Global South at the University of Amsterdam, co-chair of the Earth Commission, Spinoza prize winner and editor-in-chief of International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. Barbara Hogenboom is Professor of Latin American Studies and director of the Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation (CEDLA) at the University of Amsterdam, and editor-in-chief of European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies (ERLACS). Arthur Rempel holds a PhD in International Development Studies from the University of Amsterdam, with a research focus on fossil fuel governance and the climate emergency. Malin Olofsson holds a PhD in International Development Studies from the University of Amsterdam, and works as a researcher and knowledge broker in the field of inclusive development.

• Foreword and Acknowledgements 1. Leaving Fossil Fuels Underground 2. Analytical framework: Inclusive development, justice and energy transition 3. Socio-environmental movements and LFFU: Framing, tactics and court cases 4. Latin America, Ecuador and social mobilisation for LFFU 5. South Africa and the political economy of fossil fuels: Rationales for LFFU 6. South Africa and social mobilisation for LFFU 7. Finance and LFFU 8. Supply-side and institutional mechanisms for LFFU 9. Phasing out fossil fuels: Synergies and trade-offs