LCD Backlights

Professor Shigeo Mikoshiba, The University of Electro-Communications, TokyoShigeo Mikoshiba received BSc and MSc Degrees from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan in 1965 and 1967. Then he moved to Canada and earned Ph.D. Degree from University of Alberta in 1971. After graduation he joined the Department of Physics at the University of British Columbia as a Post Doctoral Fellow. In 1973 he returned to Japan to work for Central Research Laboratory of Hitachi, Ltd. and in 1991 he started his career as a professor at the Department of Electronic Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo. He has published 77 refereed papers and two books in Japanese. In addition he has given many presentations at international conferences and is serving as Associate Editors of Journal of SID and Information Display Magazine. Professor Sungkyoo Lim, Dankook UniversityDr Lim is Professor of Electronics Engineering at Dankook University in Seoul, Korea. He has extensive contacts with display professionals and management in Korea. He is very active in the Society for Information Display at an international level. Dr. Lim earned his Ph.D. in Display Modeling at Oregon State University. Professor Shunsuke Kobayashi, Tokyo University of Science, YamaguchiDr Shunsuke Kobayashi is Professor of Electronics Engineering at Tokyo University of Science in Yamaguchi Japan.

• Series Editor's Foreword xiAbout the Editors xiiiList of Contributors xvPreface xviiPART ONE BACKLIGHTS BY USE1 Technical Trends and Requirements/Specifications for LCD TV Backlights 3S. Y. Lee, SAMSUNG Electronics1.1 Introduction 31.2 Structure of LCD TV Backlights 51.3 Trends in LCD TV Backlights 61.4 Requirements/Specifications for LCD TV Backlights 141.5 Conclusions 192 Improvement of Moving Picture Quality by Means of Backlight Control 21T. Yamamoto, Hitachi, Ltd2.1 Introduction 212.2 Blur of Moving Images on LC Displays 222.3 Methods of Reducing Motion Blur 262.4 Backlight Blinking 302.5 Conclusions 323 Multiple Primary Color Backlights 33H. Sugiura, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation3.1 Present Status 333.2 Technological Impacts 353.3 Operation of Prototype, Six-primary-color Monitor 363.4 Details of a Six-primary-color Backlight Unit 403.5 Signal Processing of Transforming from Three Primaries to Six Primaries 423.6 Color Gamut of the Prototype Monitor 433.7 Other Techniques for Multiple Primary Color LC-TVs 453.8 Remaining Issues 454 Reduction of Backlight Power Consumption of LCD-TVs 49T. Shiga, The University of Electro-Communications4.1 Introduction 494.2 Display Method of LCD and Power Reduction 504.3 Principle of the Adaptive Dimming Technique 514.4 Adaptive Dimming Control and Power Consumption 534.5 Other Features of the Adaptive Dimming Technique 585 Notebook PC/Monitor Backlights 61B. H. Hong, Kwangwoon University5.1 Introduction 615.2 Characteristics Required for Backlights 625.3 Optical Systems for Backlights 625.4 Light Sources for Backlights 645.5 Optical Components of Backlights 656 Backlights for Handheld Data Terminals 73S. Aoyama, Omron Corporation6.1 Introduction 736.2 Basic Structure and Principles of LED Backlights 746.3 Constituents of LED BLUs 806.4 Various LED Backlight Configurations 826.5 Conclusions 87PART TWO LIGHT SOURCE DEVICES7 CCFL Backlights 91K. Yamaguchi, Panasonic Photo & Lighting7.1 Introduction 917.2 Structure and Operating Principle of CCFLs 917.3 Basic Characteristics of CCFLs 937.4 Future Trends in CCFLs 997.5 Conclusions 1018 CCFL Inverters 103T. Uematsu, TDK8.1 Introduction 1038.2 Various Drive Schemes of CCFL Inverters 1038.3 Equivalent Circuit of CCFLs 1068.4 Inverter Circuits 1088.5 Driving of CCFLs with Inverters 1108.6 Lamp Current Balancers for Driving Multiple Lamps 1118.7 Conclusions 1159 HCFL Backlights 117A. A. S. Sluyterman, Philips Lighting9.1 HCFL Light Source as a Member of the Fluorescent Lamp Family 1179.2 Introduction of the Hot Cathode in Fluorescent Lamps 1199.3 Driving the HCFL 1209.4 Cathode Life Properties of HCFL 1229.5 Lumen Maintenance and Color Point Shift during Life 1239.6 Designing a Backlight with HCFL 1239.7 The Scanning Feature, Cost-effectively Enabled by HCFL 1269.8 The Dimming Feature 1269.9 Conclusions 12810 EEFL Backlights 129J.-H. Ko, Hallym University10.1 Introduction 12910.2 Basic Characteristics of EEFLs 13010.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of EEFL Backlights 13610.4 Technological Trends of EEFL Backlights 13810.5 Development Targets 14210.6 Conclusions 14411 FFL Backlights 147G. Kim, GLD Co., Ltd. and Mirae Corporation, and S. Lim, Dankook University11.1 Introduction 14711.2 The History of FFL Development 14711.3 Characteristics of FFLs 15111.4 Features of the FFL 15412 Magnetically Coupled Electrodeless Lamps 159F. Okamoto, Matsushita Electric Works12.1 Introduction 15912.2 The Operating Principle of Electrodeless Lamps 16012.3 Environmental Protection 16212.4 Features of Electrodeless Lamps 16212.5 Commercial Products with Electrodeless Lamps 16312.6 Trends in Research and Development 16712.7 Application to LCD Backlights 16712.8 Conclusions 16813 Mercury-free Fluorescent Lamp Backlights 171T. Shiga, The University of Electro-Communications13.1 Introduction 17113.2 Basic Characteristics of Mercury Discharge 17213.3 Basic Characteristics of Xenon Discharge 17213.4 Mercury-free Xe Discharge Fluorescent Lamps 17413.5 Mercury-free Xe Flat Discharge Lamp 17613.6 Conclusions 17914 LED Backlights 181M. Zeiler and J. Hüttner, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH14.1 Introduction 18114.2 LED Device Principle 18214.3 LED Backlight Solutions for Different LCD Sizes 18614.4 Conclusions 19315 Technological Trends of LED Backlight Units 195Y. Kondo, NEC LCD Technologies15.1 Introduction 19515.2 Structure of LED Backlight Units 19515.3 Design of LED Backlight Units 19615.4 Requirements for Backlight Units 19915.5 Technical Trends of LED Backlights 20215.6 Applications of LED Backlights 20415.7 Conclusions 20516 White OLED Backlights 207J. Jang, Kyung Hee University16.1 Introduction 20716.2 White OLED with a Single-layer Emission 20816.3 White OLED with Multi-layer Emission 21016.4 WOLED with Color Conversion 21316.5 Stacked WOLED Devices 21316.6 Applications of WOLEDs 21416.7 Research and Development Status 21517 Inorganic EL Backlights 219S. Okamoto, NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories17.1 Introduction 21917.2 Classification of Inorganic EL Devices 22017.3 Device Structures and Characteristics 22117.4 High-luminance Inorganic EL Devices 22617.5 Practical Examples of Backlight Use 22718 Field Emission Backlights 229M. Ushirozawa, NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories18.1 Introduction 22918.2 Field Electron Emitter 22918.3 Lamp Container and Vacuum Seal 23118.4 Cathodoluminescent Phosphor 23118.5 Issues Relating to Practical Field Emission Backlights 232PART THREE OPTICAL COMPONENTS19 Light-guide Plates 237Y. Ishiwatari, Asahi Kasei Chemicals19.1 Introduction 23719.2 Market Demands for PMMA 23819.3 Characteristics of PMMA 23919.4 Manufacturing Method for PMMA Plates 24219.5 Applications to LCD Backlight Units 24219.6 Characteristics Required for Materials of Light-guide Plates 24619.7 Materials for Extrusion Molding and Injection Molding 24819.8 Conclusions 24920 Optical Diffuser Plates 251Y. Ishiwatari, Asahi Kasei Chemicals20.1 Introduction 25120.2 PMMA Light Diffuser Plates 25220.3 MS and PS Light Diffuser Plates 25320.4 Trends in Light Diffuser Plates 25520.5 LED Light Sources and Diffusing Plates 25621 Lens Films and Reflective Polarization Films 257F. Hanzawa, Sumitomo 3M21.1 Introduction 25721.2 Fundamentals of Reflection and Refraction 25721.3 Lens Films (Upward Direction) 25921.4 Lens Films (Downward Direction) 26121.5 Reflective Polarization Films 26221.6 Resin-type Specular Reflection Films 26321.7 Applications of Films 26421.8 Standards 266References 267Index 269

"LCD Backlights is an invaluable resource for researchers and general readers alike. . . includes an impressive spectrum of topics. Having specialized for nearly 10 years in this field, I can attest to the fact that it would be hard to find anywhere else the range of backlighting technology and information covered in this book."  (SID ID Magazine, 2010) "LCD Backlights is an invaluable resource for researchers and general readers alike.... [It] would be hard to find any where else the ‘fullness’ of backlighting technology and information covered in this book." (Information Display, May 2009)