Late Modern Philosophy

Elizabeth S. Radcliffe is Professor of Philosophy at Santa Clara University. Her areas of specialization include Hume, ethical theory, motivational psychology, and seventeenth- and eighteenth-century philosophy. She is the author of On Hume (2000), editor of A Companion to Hume (Blackwell, 2007), and was co-editor of the journal Hume Studies from 2000 to 2005. Richard McCarty is Associate Professor of Philosophy at East Carolina University. His research focuses on Kant and the history of modern philosophy.Fritz Allhoff is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Western Michigan University. His main areas of research are ethical theory, applied ethics, and the philosophy of biology/science. His work has been published in, among other places, the American Journal of Bioethics, the Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, the International Journal of Applied Philosophy, and the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal.Anand Jayprakash Vaidya is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at San José State University. His research is in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of mind.

• Acknowledgments viiGeneral Introduction 1Part I Empiricism 17Introduction1 John Locke 21Essay concerning Human Understanding2 George Berkeley 52Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous in Opposition to Sceptics and Atheists3 David Hume 75An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding4 David Hume 100A Treatise of Human NaturePart II Critics of Empiricism 113Introduction5 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 117New Essays concerning Human Understanding6 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Samuel Clarke 123The Leibniz–Clarke Correspondence7 Thomas Reid 133An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common SensePart III Kant’s Critique of Rationalism and Empiricism 141Introduction8 Immanuel Kant 145Prolegomena to Any Future MetaphysicsPart IV Arguments for the Existence of God 185Introduction9 Samuel Clarke 189A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God10 William Paley 193Natural Theology11 David Hume 199Dialogues concerning Natural Religion12 Immanuel Kant 208Critique of Pure ReasonPart V Political Philosophy 217Introduction13 John Locke 221Second Treatise on Government14 David Hume 234“Of the Original Contract”15 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 240On the Social ContractPart VI Moral Philosophy 257Introduction16 Samuel Clarke 261Discourse concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion17 David Hume 266A Treatise of Human Nature18 Richard Price 294A Review of the Principal Questions in Morals19 Adam Smith 303The Theory of Moral Sentiments20 Immanuel Kant 315Lectures on Ethics21 Immanuel Kant 324Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals22 Thomas Reid 329Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind23 Jeremy Bentham 339An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation24 Mary Wollstonecraft 350A Vindication of the Rights of WomanSuggestions for Further Reading 359Index 363

“This is an excellent anthology with selections that are shrewdly chosen and insightfully introduced, including several in ethics that are unusual but quite important, such as Adam Smith, Richard Price, and Mary Wollstonecraft.”Stephen Darwall, University of Michigan“A rich and wisely chosen collection of key eighteenth-century texts, distinctive in covering not only epistemology and metaphysics, but moral and political philosophy.” Kenneth P. Winkler, Wellesley College