Robert Gallagher is Lecturer in Early Medieval History at the University of Kent. His primary research focus is the politics and textual cultures of early medieval Britain, with special interests in documentary activity, multilingualism, Latin verse, and manuscript use.Edward Roberts is Lecturer in Early Medieval History at the University of Kent. He specializes in the history of Carolingian and Ottonian Europe, with particular interests in historical writing, legal culture, charters, bishops, and institutional change.Francesca Tinti is Ikerbasque Research Professor at the University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. She has published widely on early medieval religious, social, and cultural history, with a special focus on Anglo-Saxon England, its documentary culture, and its relations with the European continent.

• ContentsList of IllustrationsAbbreviationsNotes on Contributors1 Latin and Germanic Vernaculars in Early Medieval Documentary Cultures: Towards a Multidisciplinary Comparative ApproachFrancesca Tinti2 Charters, Languages, and Communication: Recent Work on Early Medieval LiteracyRosamond McKitterick3 The Multilingualism of the Early Middle Ages: Evidence from Peripheral Regions of the Regnum orientalium FrancorumWolfgang Haubrichs4 Germanic Names, Vernacular Sounds, and Latin Spellings in Early Anglo-Saxon and Alemannic ChartersAnnina Seiler5 Language, Formulae, and Carolingian Reforms: the Case of the Alemannic Charters from St GallBernhard Zeller6 Signalling Language Choice in Anglo-Saxon and Frankish Charters, c.700–c.900Edward Roberts and Francesca Tinti7 The Endorsement Practices of Early Medieval EnglandRobert Gallagher and Kate Wiles8 Traces of Bilingualism in Early Medieval Northern Italy: the Evidence from Eighth- and Ninth-Century Private ChartersMarco Stoffella9 Languages of Boundaries and Boundaries of Language in Cornish ChartersCharles Insley10 Vernacular Writing in Early Medieval Manorial Administration: Two Tenth-Century Documents from Werden and EssenStefan Esders11 Royal Authority, Regional Integrity: the Function and Use of Anglo-Saxon Writ FormulaeAlbert Fenton12 From Memorandum to Written Record: Function and Formality in Old English Non-Literary TextsKathryn A. Lowe13 Writing, Communication, and Currency: Dialogues between Coinage and Charters in Anglo-Saxon EnglandRory Naismith14 EpilogueJanet L. NelsonIndex

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