• Section A: Introduction A1. Introducing Validity A2. Classroom Assessment A3. Constructs and Models A4. Test Specifications and Designs A5. Writing Items and Tasks A6. Prototypes, Prototyping and Field Tests A7. Scoring Language Tests and Assessments A8. Administration and Training A9. Fairness, Ethics and Standards A10. Arguments and Evidence in Test Validation and Use Section B: Expansion B1. Construct Validity B2. Pedagogic Assessment B3. Investigating Communicative Competence B4. Optimal Specification Design B5. Washback B6. Researching Prototype Tasks B7. Scoring Performance Tests B8. Interlocutor Training and Behaviour B9. Ethics and Professionalism B10. Validity as Argument Section C: Exploration C1. Validity – An Exploration C2. Assessment in School Systems C3. What do Items Really Test? C4. Evolution in Action C5. To See a Test in a Grain of Sand C6. Analyzing Items and Tasks C7. Designing an Alternative Matrix C8. Administration and Alignment C9. In a Time Far Far Away C10. To Boldly Go. Glossary. References. Index

'Perhaps the greatest strength of this text is the way it considers a wide range of topics from a philosophical perspective... Already a bit worn from extensive cross-reading, this is a book I will be referring to frequently for years to come.'- Tim Newfields, Toyo University

• Section A: Introduction A1. Introducing Validity A2. Classroom Assessment A3. Constructs and Models A4. Test Specifications and Designs A5. Writing Items and Tasks A6. Prototypes, Prototyping and Field Tests A7. Scoring Language Tests and Assessments A8. Administration and Training A9. Fairness, Ethics and Standards A10. Arguments and Evidence in Test Validation and Use Section B: Expansion B1. Construct Validity B2. Pedagogic Assessment B3. Investigating Communicative Competence B4. Optimal Specification Design B5. Washback B6. Researching Prototype Tasks B7. Scoring Performance Tests B8. Interlocutor Training and Behaviour B9. Ethics and Professionalism B10. Validity as Argument Section C: Exploration C1. Validity – An Exploration C2. Assessment in School Systems C3. What do Items Really Test? C4. Evolution in Action C5. To See a Test in a Grain of Sand C6. Analyzing Items and Tasks C7. Designing an Alternative Matrix C8. Administration and Alignment C9. In a Time Far Far Away C10. To Boldly Go. Glossary. References. Index

'Perhaps the greatest strength of this text is the way it considers a wide range of topics from a philosophical perspective... Already a bit worn from extensive cross-reading, this is a book I will be referring to frequently for years to come.'- Tim Newfields, Toyo University

• Section A: Introduction A1. Introducing Validity A2. Classroom Assessment A3. Constructs and Models A4. Test Specifications and Designs A5. Writing Items and Tasks A6. Prototypes, Prototyping and Field Tests A7. Scoring Language Tests and Assessments A8. Administration and Training A9. Fairness, Ethics and Standards A10. Arguments and Evidence in Test Validation and Use Section B: Expansion B1. Construct Validity B2. Pedagogic Assessment B3. Investigating Communicative Competence B4. Optimal Specification Design B5. Washback B6. Researching Prototype Tasks B7. Scoring Performance Tests B8. Interlocutor Training and Behaviour B9. Ethics and Professionalism B10. Validity as Argument Section C: Exploration C1. Validity – An Exploration C2. Assessment in School Systems C3. What do Items Really Test? C4. Evolution in Action C5. To See a Test in a Grain of Sand C6. Analyzing Items and Tasks C7. Designing an Alternative Matrix C8. Administration and Alignment C9. In a Time Far Far Away C10. To Boldly Go. Glossary. References. Index

'Perhaps the greatest strength of this text is the way it considers a wide range of topics from a philosophical perspective... Already a bit worn from extensive cross-reading, this is a book I will be referring to frequently for years to come.'- Tim Newfields, Toyo University