Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards

Leonard J. Hopper, RLA, FASLA, is Senior Associate with Mark K. Morrison Associates Ltd in New York City. He teaches and coordinates the Master's in Landscape ArchitectureTechnology Sequence courses at the City College School of Architecture, Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, and teaches the technology sequence of courses in Columbia University's Master of Science in Landscape Design Program. He is past president of ASLA and the LAF, and is a frequent speaker at universities and conferences nationwide.

• Preface. Acknowledgments.PART I: PRACTICE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE.General.Overview of Profession.Construction Documentation.Overview of Construction Documentation.Project Manual.Construction Drawing Layout.Drawing Symbols.Landscape Surveys.Landscape Planning.Computer-Aided Design.GIS.Environmental and Legal.Environmental Review.Legal - Permits and Regulations.Project Administration.Project Management.Business Administration (Records, Legal, Liability).Cost Estimating.Bidding.Construction Administration.Maintenance, Compost, Site Occupation, and Post Occ surveys,.PART II: STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES.Human Factors.Human Dimensions.Human Nature and Spatial Relationships.Community Participation.Environmental Factors.Modifying Solar Radiation.Modifying Wind.Regional Climate.Modifying Microclimates.Modifying Air Quality.Brownfields Evaluation.Environmental Hazards.Wetlands Evaluation.Resource Inventory and Conservation.Sustainable Site Design.Cultural Factors.Historic Landscape.Security Considerations.Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.Site Security Design.Site Planning.Environmental Site Analysis.The Town Planning Process.Rural Village Design.Elements of Urbanism.Plan Types.Block Types.Open Space Types.Building Types.Spatial Definition.Frontage Types.Landscape Types.Traditional Neighborhood Design.Site Planning for Fire Protection.Residential Site Planning.Residential Density.Single-Family Detached Housing.Single-Family Attached Housing.Context Sensitive Solutions.Transit Oriented Development.Circulation.Vehicular Circulation .Parking Standards .Parking Lot Design Guidelines.Parking Space Dimensions.Parking Lot Design.Accessible Parking.Bicycle Circulation.Recreational Trails and Shared-Use Paths.Accessibility.Introduction to Accessible Design: Codes, Laws, and Regulations.Reach Ranges for Accessibility.Protruding Objects in Circulation Paths.Accessible Routes and Walking Surfaces.Accessible Curb Ramps and Passenger Loading.Access to the Outdoor Setting.PART III: PROCESS, IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION.Construction Operations, Earthwork, and Road Alignment.Site Construction Overview.Soil Mechanics.Embankment Stabilization.Site Grading and Earthwork.Cut and Fill Calculations.Road Alignment.Water Supply and Management.Subsurface Drainage Systems.Surface Drainage Systems.Manholes, Inlets, and Catch Basins.Runoff Control Systems.Wetland Preservation.Waste Water Management - grey water-harvest/treatment.Constructed Treatment Wetlands.Storm Water Management.Site Design for Stormwater Management.Stormwater Hydrology.Stormwater Conveyance.Stormwater Quantity Control.Stormwater Quality Control.Rainwater Harvesting.Stream Restoration.Irrigation and Water Features.Irrigation.Water Features, Pools and Fountains.Fountain Examples.Fountains and Decorative Pools.Garden Structures.Pavement and Structures in the Landscape.Pavement in the Landscape.Unit Pavers.Concrete Pavement.Asphaltic Concrete Pavement.Porous Pavement.Stairs, Ramps and Curbs.Freestanding and Retaining Walls.Fences and Screens.Gazebos and Freestanding Wood Structures.Overhead Structures.Wood Decks.Wood Decking.Wood Decks: Walkways and Stairs.Timber Bridges.Site Amenities.Site Furnishings.Flags and Flagpoles.Lighting.Planting.Soils: Urban and Disturbed.Public Planting Design Principles.Residential Landscape Design Principles.Environmental Effects of Trees.Site Considerations, Plant Installation Requirements, and Details.Tree Planting in Urban Areas.Recommended Ornamental and Shade Trees for Use in Landscape Design in the Continental U.S.Native Species: Upper Midwest.Native Plants.Xeriscape Design.Construction Damage to Existing Trees On-Site: Avoidance, Protection, and Preservation.Plant Mechanics.Interior Plants.Turf.Living Green Roofs and Landscapes Over Structure.Special Construction.Plaza Membrane Waterproofing Over Occupied Space.Therapeutic Gardens.Wildlife Habitat.Campuses.Hazard Control.Soil Erosion and Sediment Control.Restoration/Remediation.Ecological Community Restoration.Brownfields Remediation and Development.Sound Control and Reduction.Parks and Recreation.Large City Parks.Small Urban Parks.Waterfronts.Outdoor Play Areas.Recreation Facilities.Major League Baseball.Little League Baseball and Softball.NFL and CFL Football.NCAA and Touch Football.Multipurpose High School Stadium and Football Field.Professional Soccer.NCAA and High School Soccer.Bocce, Field Hockey, Lacrosse, Rugby, and Team Handball.Backstop, Basketball Goal, and Net Construction.Track and Field Events.Track and Field Construction Details.Tennis Courts.Basketball.Golf Course Design: Planning and Details.Waste Management.Solid Waste Collection and Recycling Spaces.PART IV: MATERIALS.Soils.Soils - Agronomic.Asphalt.Asphalt.Concrete.Concrete.Environmental and Health Considerations of Concrete.Masonry.Brick Masonry.Concrete Masonry Units.Metals.Metal.Structural Welds.Gratings.Ornamental Ironwork Details.Perforated Metals.Perforated Sheet Metals.Wood.Wood and Related Products.Wood Preservatives.Recreational Surfaces.Recreational Surfaces.Nursery Stock.Nursery Stock Standards and Practices, Shipping and Handling, Guarantees.Other Materials.Building Systems: Tension Fabric Structures.Architectural Fabric Structures.Architectural Fabric Structures Details.Glass Block: Design Data.Glass Block Details.Greenhouses.Geotextiles.Paints and Coatings.Paints and Coatings: Substrate Conditions.Special Coatings.Evaluating the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Materials.APPENDIX.Drawing Methods and Geometry.Plane and Solid Geometry.Triangular and Circular Geometry.Trigonomic Tables.Ellipse Construction.Area and Volume of Irregular Features.Metric System.Use of the Metric System.ASLA Declaration on the Environment and Sustainability.Environmental Sustainability (B205, 206, R2001).Index.