Hugh Kennedy is a historian of the Islamic Middle East between c. 600 and 1050. From 1972 to 2017, he was lecturer and then Professor in the Department of Mediaeval History in the University of St Andrews. Since 2007 he has been Professor of Arabic at SOAS University of London. He is the author of numerous books and articles including most recently The Caliphate: A Pelican Introduction (Penguin, 2016).Fanny Bessard is a historian of early and classical Islam with expertise in Arabic historiography, as well as a practicing archaeologist with a decade of field experience in the Middle East and Central Asia. Before joining the University of Oxford, she held a Newton fellowship at SOAS (2013-15), a Leverhulme ECF at the University of St Andrews (2015-16), and a Lecturership in the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Bristol (2016-19). Her main research interest lies in the social and economic transformations of the Middle East, 700-1000.

• Part I: Economic Exceptionalism in Early Islam: Myth or Realityn 1: Peter Sarris: The Late Antique and Byzantine Context to early Islamic Mercantile Activity 2: Michael Decker: An Islamic Agricultural Revolution Part II: Politics of Investment 3: Hugh Kennedy: Introduction A. Caliphal Initiatives 4: Harry Munt: Caliphs, the Economy, and Political Separatism in the Hijaz 5: Peter Webb: Power and Money on the Hajj 6: Louise Rayne: Early Islamic Water Management in Northern Mesopotamia 7: Noemie Lucas: Landholding, Investment, and Irrigation in Lower Iraq 8: Mehrnoush Soroush: Dynamics of Agricultural Investment in al-Ahwaz in the Early Islamic Period 9: David Bramoulle: A Tale of Two Services: Fatimid Public Services to Control the Maritime Trade B. Economic Initiatives from Religious Communities 10: Ed Hayes: The Imams as Economic Actors 11: Dan Reynolds: Silent Partners: Christians in the Economy of Early Islamic Palestine Part III: Local and Regional Trading Identities from the Maghreb to the Indian Ocean 12: Fanny Bessard: Introduction 13: Cyrille Aillet: The Ibadi Trading Communities of the Maghreb 14: Kristoffer Damgaard: Muslim Expansionism and the Formation of an Arabian Mercantile Complex in the Red Sea 15: Stephanes Pradines: Trade in the Comoros Islands 16: Jean-Charles Ducène: The Middle East as Seen by the Arab Geographers (Ninth to Tenth centuries): A Multipolar Urban Network 17: Karel Novacek: North-Eastern Mesopotamia as an Economic Area from an Archaeological Perspective 18: Marek Jankowiak: Infrastructure and Organisation of the Early Islamic Slave Trade with Northern Europe 19: Alison Vacca: Trade in Abbasid Armenia 20: Jean-Charles Ducène: The Islamic Trade Network in the Indian Ocean (Ninth to Eleventh Centuries): Locations and Practices

Land and Trade in Early Islam is indeed both global and polycentric, which means that its essays focus both on the specificity of regional communities and how those regional communities fit into a larger economic and social whole. The book is also deeply committed to presenting history beyond idea, theory, and text, presenting a full range of material culture evidence including archaeology, irrigation study, satellite and imaging technology, and even ancient DNA studies and paleobotany. The book includes a wealth of figures, including many in color, a feature that is uncommon in scholarly books but extremely refreshing. These strengths of Land and Trade in Early Islam make it a vibrant, diverse, and fascinating volume, presented by an impressive multiplicity of scholars, for any reader of ancient history.

Hugh Kennedy is a historian of the Islamic Middle East between c. 600 and 1050. From 1972 to 2017, he was lecturer and then Professor in the Department of Mediaeval History in the University of St Andrews. Since 2007 he has been Professor of Arabic at SOAS University of London. He is the author of numerous books and articles including most recently The Caliphate: A Pelican Introduction (Penguin, 2016).Fanny Bessard is a historian of early and classical Islam with expertise in Arabic historiography, as well as a practicing archaeologist with a decade of field experience in the Middle East and Central Asia. Before joining the University of Oxford, she held a Newton fellowship at SOAS (2013-15), a Leverhulme ECF at the University of St Andrews (2015-16), and a Lecturership in the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Bristol (2016-19). Her main research interest lies in the social and economic transformations of the Middle East, 700-1000.

• Part I: Economic Exceptionalism in Early Islam: Myth or Realityn 1: Peter Sarris: The Late Antique and Byzantine Context to early Islamic Mercantile Activity 2: Michael Decker: An Islamic Agricultural Revolution Part II: Politics of Investment 3: Hugh Kennedy: Introduction A. Caliphal Initiatives 4: Harry Munt: Caliphs, the Economy, and Political Separatism in the Hijaz 5: Peter Webb: Power and Money on the Hajj 6: Louise Rayne: Early Islamic Water Management in Northern Mesopotamia 7: Noemie Lucas: Landholding, Investment, and Irrigation in Lower Iraq 8: Mehrnoush Soroush: Dynamics of Agricultural Investment in al-Ahwaz in the Early Islamic Period 9: David Bramoulle: A Tale of Two Services: Fatimid Public Services to Control the Maritime Trade B. Economic Initiatives from Religious Communities 10: Ed Hayes: The Imams as Economic Actors 11: Dan Reynolds: Silent Partners: Christians in the Economy of Early Islamic Palestine Part III: Local and Regional Trading Identities from the Maghreb to the Indian Ocean 12: Fanny Bessard: Introduction 13: Cyrille Aillet: The Ibadi Trading Communities of the Maghreb 14: Kristoffer Damgaard: Muslim Expansionism and the Formation of an Arabian Mercantile Complex in the Red Sea 15: Stephanes Pradines: Trade in the Comoros Islands 16: Jean-Charles Ducène: The Middle East as Seen by the Arab Geographers (Ninth to Tenth centuries): A Multipolar Urban Network 17: Karel Novacek: North-Eastern Mesopotamia as an Economic Area from an Archaeological Perspective 18: Marek Jankowiak: Infrastructure and Organisation of the Early Islamic Slave Trade with Northern Europe 19: Alison Vacca: Trade in Abbasid Armenia 20: Jean-Charles Ducène: The Islamic Trade Network in the Indian Ocean (Ninth to Eleventh Centuries): Locations and Practices

Land and Trade in Early Islam is indeed both global and polycentric, which means that its essays focus both on the specificity of regional communities and how those regional communities fit into a larger economic and social whole. The book is also deeply committed to presenting history beyond idea, theory, and text, presenting a full range of material culture evidence including archaeology, irrigation study, satellite and imaging technology, and even ancient DNA studies and paleobotany. The book includes a wealth of figures, including many in color, a feature that is uncommon in scholarly books but extremely refreshing. These strengths of Land and Trade in Early Islam make it a vibrant, diverse, and fascinating volume, presented by an impressive multiplicity of scholars, for any reader of ancient history.

Hugh Kennedy is a historian of the Islamic Middle East between c. 600 and 1050. From 1972 to 2017, he was lecturer and then Professor in the Department of Mediaeval History in the University of St Andrews. Since 2007 he has been Professor of Arabic at SOAS University of London. He is the author of numerous books and articles including most recently The Caliphate: A Pelican Introduction (Penguin, 2016).Fanny Bessard is a historian of early and classical Islam with expertise in Arabic historiography, as well as a practicing archaeologist with a decade of field experience in the Middle East and Central Asia. Before joining the University of Oxford, she held a Newton fellowship at SOAS (2013-15), a Leverhulme ECF at the University of St Andrews (2015-16), and a Lecturership in the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Bristol (2016-19). Her main research interest lies in the social and economic transformations of the Middle East, 700-1000.

• Part I: Economic Exceptionalism in Early Islam: Myth or Realityn 1: Peter Sarris: The Late Antique and Byzantine Context to early Islamic Mercantile Activity 2: Michael Decker: An Islamic Agricultural Revolution Part II: Politics of Investment 3: Hugh Kennedy: Introduction A. Caliphal Initiatives 4: Harry Munt: Caliphs, the Economy, and Political Separatism in the Hijaz 5: Peter Webb: Power and Money on the Hajj 6: Louise Rayne: Early Islamic Water Management in Northern Mesopotamia 7: Noemie Lucas: Landholding, Investment, and Irrigation in Lower Iraq 8: Mehrnoush Soroush: Dynamics of Agricultural Investment in al-Ahwaz in the Early Islamic Period 9: David Bramoulle: A Tale of Two Services: Fatimid Public Services to Control the Maritime Trade B. Economic Initiatives from Religious Communities 10: Ed Hayes: The Imams as Economic Actors 11: Dan Reynolds: Silent Partners: Christians in the Economy of Early Islamic Palestine Part III: Local and Regional Trading Identities from the Maghreb to the Indian Ocean 12: Fanny Bessard: Introduction 13: Cyrille Aillet: The Ibadi Trading Communities of the Maghreb 14: Kristoffer Damgaard: Muslim Expansionism and the Formation of an Arabian Mercantile Complex in the Red Sea 15: Stephanes Pradines: Trade in the Comoros Islands 16: Jean-Charles Ducène: The Middle East as Seen by the Arab Geographers (Ninth to Tenth centuries): A Multipolar Urban Network 17: Karel Novacek: North-Eastern Mesopotamia as an Economic Area from an Archaeological Perspective 18: Marek Jankowiak: Infrastructure and Organisation of the Early Islamic Slave Trade with Northern Europe 19: Alison Vacca: Trade in Abbasid Armenia 20: Jean-Charles Ducène: The Islamic Trade Network in the Indian Ocean (Ninth to Eleventh Centuries): Locations and Practices

Land and Trade in Early Islam is indeed both global and polycentric, which means that its essays focus both on the specificity of regional communities and how those regional communities fit into a larger economic and social whole. The book is also deeply committed to presenting history beyond idea, theory, and text, presenting a full range of material culture evidence including archaeology, irrigation study, satellite and imaging technology, and even ancient DNA studies and paleobotany. The book includes a wealth of figures, including many in color, a feature that is uncommon in scholarly books but extremely refreshing. These strengths of Land and Trade in Early Islam make it a vibrant, diverse, and fascinating volume, presented by an impressive multiplicity of scholars, for any reader of ancient history.