Kurux Language

Masato Kobayashi, Ph.D. (2000), University of Pennsylvania, is Associate Professor of Linguistics at the University of Tokyo. He has worked on ancient and modern Indian languages, and is the author of Texts and Grammar of Malto (Vizianagaram, Kotoba Books, 2012).Bablu Tirkey (1980-2015) was a Lecturer of Kurux at Doranda College, Ranchi. Firmly established in Kurux tradition, he worked on Kurux language and literature, and authored the Kurux novel Khatrka Ropnas gahi Tungul (‘Poor Ropna’s Dream’) (Bendora, Manas Prakashan, 2017).

• List of TablesList of FiguresList of Abbreviations1 Introduction§ 1 Typological Overview§ 2 Profile of the Language§ 3 Language Endangerment§ 4 Writing Systems and Transcription§ 5 Name of the Language§ 6 Dialectal Variation§ 7 Genetic Relationship§ 8 Lexicon§ 9 Convergence§ 10 Previous Studies§ 11 Fieldwork and Materials§ 12 Organization of the Book§ 13 AcknowledgmentGrammar2 Phonology§ 14 Vowels§ 15 Vowel Length§ 16 Umlaut§ 17 Consonants§ 18 Geminates and Singletons§ 19 Metathesis and Linearity§ 20 Syllable§ 21 Stress and Rhythm§ 22 Intonation§ 23 Morphophonology§ 24 Sound Changes up to Proto-Kurux-Malto§ 25 Phonological Alternations within Kurux§ 26 Summary of Historical Phonology3 Morphology§ 27 Characteristics of Kurux Morphology§ 28 Parts of Speech§ 29 Nouns: Nominal Stems and Bases§ 30 Nouns: Gender§ 31 Nouns: Number§ 32 Nouns: Cases§ 33 Diminutive and Augmentative§ 34 Compound Nouns and Adjectives§ 35 Pronouns: Personal Pronouns§ 36 Pronouns: Reflexives§ 37 Pronouns: Possessives§ 38 Pronouns: Demonstratives§ 39 Pronouns: Interrogatives and Indefinites§ 40 Pronouns: Cases of Personal and Reflexive Pronouns§ 41 Pronouns: Cases of Demonstratives and Interrogatives§ 42 Adpositions§ 43 Agreement Suffix and Predicative Nominals§ 44 Adjectives: Simple§ 45 Adjectives in -taː, -iyaː, -madʰheː and -aːboː§ 46 Adjectives: Suffixes Deriving Demonyms etc.§ 47 Numerals and Classifiers§ 48 Adverbs§ 49 Preverbs§ 50 Verbs§ 51 Verbal Roots and Verbal Bases§ 52 Past Stem and the Primary Verb Classes§ 53 Irregular Verb Inflection§ 54 Verb Inflection: Simple Tenses§ 55 Complex Aspectual Forms: Perfect§ 56 Complex Aspectual Forms: Progressive§ 57 Complex Aspectual Forms: ciʔ-aː Benefactive§ 58 Verb Inflection: Modal Forms§ 59 Verb Inflection: Inter-Female Forms§ 60 Copula and Existential Verbs§ 61 Copular Clauses and Concord§ 62 Derived Verbal Bases§ 63 Frequentative Verbs§ 64 Infinitives§ 65 Inflection Reduction§ 66 Perfect and Imperfect Participles§ 67 Agentive Participle§ 68 Adverbial Participles§ 69 Converb§ 70 Origin of the Kurux-Malto Past Inflection4 Syntax and Pragmatics§ 71 Word Order§ 72 Coordinating Conjunctions§ 73 Subordinating Conjunctions§ 74 Complementizer§ 75 Reflexives and Logophorics§ 76 Relative Clauses§ 77 The -madʰheː Construction and Adnominal PPs§ 78 Conditional and Counterfactual§ 79 Complex Predicates§ 80 Voice and Argument Alternation§ 81 Passive and Grammatical Relations§ 82 Stative Passive Construction§ 83 Use of the -aː Infinitive§ 84 Use of the -naː Infinitive§ 85 Non-nominative Subjects§ 86 Impersonal Construction§ 87 Topic and Focus§ 88 Phrasal Clitics§ 89 Clausal Clitics5 Semantics§ 90 Spatial Deixis§ 91 Animacy, Number, Gender and Person§ 92 Use of the Copular Verbs§ 93 Possession§ 94 Question§ 95 Deictic Verbs§ 96 Definiteness and Differential Object Marking§ 97 Lexical Aspect§ 98 Use of the Simple Tenses§ 99 Use of the Aspectual Forms§ 100 Modality§ 101 Use of the Causative§ 102 Function of the Passive Voice§ 103 Volition or Control over the Action§ 104 Negation§ 105 Negative Polarity Items§ 106 Politeness§ 107 Use of Cases: Nominative§ 108 Use of Cases: Accusative§ 109 Use of Cases: Dative§ 110 Use of Cases: Instrumental-Ablative§ 111 Use of Cases: Genitive§ 112 Use of Cases: Locative6 Lexicon§ 113 Characteristics of the Kurux Lexicon§ 114 Inherited Etyma§ 115 Loanwords and Toponyms§ 116 Source of Loanwords§ 117 Semantic Shift, Doublets and False Friends§ 118 Kinship Terms§ 119 Personal Names§ 120 Echo Words and Onomatopoeia§ 121 Interjections§ 122 Euphemistic Expression§ 123 Fauna and FloraTexts7 Glossed Texts§ 124 Home Visit (Dialogue)§ 125 From Bablu Tirkey, Poor Ropna’s Dream (2017)§ 126 Sone the Vulture§ 127 Life Story of a Farmer§ 128 The Bihar Famine (1966–1967) and my Father§ 129 Letiya the Thief§ 130 Building a Career§ 131 King’s Seven Daughters and a Rakshas§ 132 Story of Two Orphans and the Banyan Seed§ 133 Seven Brothers and a Sister§ 134 Story of a Man and a Tiger§ 135 Myth of Fire and Rain§ 136 Why Oraons Observe the Karam FestivalLexiconBibliographyWord IndexGeneral Index