Know Thy Enemy

In Know Thy Enemy, Meir Litvak analyzes the re-articulations of the "Others" in modern Shi?ism, as a novel way to examine the formulation of modern Shi?i identity and place in the world. Among these others, which have transformed into "enemies" in the modern period are the West, apostates, Wahhabism, Jews, Baha'is and feminism. Looking at the rhetorical themes that Shi?i writers use, the book demonstrates the contrast between the collective positive "We" and the negative threatening "Other" as a major principle in the evolution of Shi?ism as the minority branch of Islam. It offers a complex view of Shi?i identity combining a sense of victimhood and insecurity together with conviction of intellectual and moral superiority and long-term triumph.