Killing Americans

Christopher Linebarger is an Associate Professor at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. His research focuses on aspects of national and international security, specifically insurgency, terrorism, and civil conflict. He has published widely on the dynamics of insurgent organizations and counter-insurgency policy tools, including military intervention and border wall construction. He has published in numerous peer-reviewed journals, including International Studies Quarterly, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, and Journal of Peace Research, among others.Amira Jadoon is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Clemson University, prior to which, she worked at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, jointly appointed in the Department of Social Sciences and the Combating Terrorism Center (2017-2022). Her research explores the multifaceted consequences of international security tools and counterterrorism strategies, examining theirinterlinkages with political violence, extremism, and the strategic dissemination of disinformation. Jadoon is also a nonresident fellow at the Stimson Center and an Associate Editor at the European Journal of International Security.Suzanne Weedon Levy serves as the Director of Grants for a non-profit in New York's Capital Region. Prior to transitioning to the non-profit sector, she spent almost a decade as the Research Director of the Project on Violent Conflict (PVC) at the University at Albany, where she focused on the behavior of terrorist and insurgent non-state actors. Her previous work has centered on extremism in the United States and the relationships between proxy militias and state actors in the Middle East.Victor Asal is Director of the Center for Policy Research and a Professor of Political Science at the University at Albany. His research focuses on nonstate actor violence and the causes of political discrimination, particularly related to ethnicity, sexuality andgender. He also researches nuclear crisis behavior and pedagogy with a focus on interactive games. Asal has been involved in research projects funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, The National Science Foundation, The Office of Naval Research, and the Department of Homeland Security.

• 1: Introduction2: Literature Review and Theoretical Framework3: Insurgent Groups that Attack Americans in Their Home State: The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Tehrik-E-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)4: Insurgent Groups that Attack Americans Outside the Home State: Al-Shabaab and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan5: Research Design6: Risk Factors for Attacks on Americans7: Insurgent Group Survival and Lethality8: ConclusionAppendix