Robert J. Durán is an associate professor of sociology at Texas A&M University. He is the author of The Gang Paradox: Inequalities and Miracles on the U.S.-Mexico Border (2018) and Gang Life in Two Cities: An Insider’s Journey (2013), both published by Columbia University Press.Oralia Loza is a professor of public health and interdisciplinary health sciences in the College of Health Sciences at the University of Texas, El Paso. Their research focuses on drug use, sexual risk, barriers to care, and sexual and gender minorities on the US-Mexico border.

• PrefaceIntroduction1. The Context of Police Shootings and Protest: Denver2. Divergent Life Chances for Gettin’ Shot by the Police3. Two Trigger Fingers: An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Differences4. Types of Shootings: Problematic, Questionable, and Less Controversial5. Law Enforcement Officers and the Pristine Fourteen6. A Public Health Problem for the United States: Places, Practices, and Policies7. Accountability Through Legislative Action, Institutional Policies, and ResearchConclusionAcknowledgmentsAppendix 1: Data Sources and AnalysisAppendix 2: Data TablesNotesBibliographyIndex

A critical analysis of how racism and classism shape fatal police violence, Justice Required expands our understanding of what has constituted the standard of “objective reasonableness” and probable cause in violence by law enforcement. Durán and Loza have written a well-theorized and scrupulously researched book that is a significant contribution to sociology and public health.

Robert J. Durán is an associate professor of sociology at Texas A&M University. He is the author of The Gang Paradox: Inequalities and Miracles on the U.S.-Mexico Border (2018) and Gang Life in Two Cities: An Insider’s Journey (2013), both published by Columbia University Press.Oralia Loza is a professor of public health and interdisciplinary health sciences in the College of Health Sciences at the University of Texas, El Paso. Their research focuses on drug use, sexual risk, barriers to care, and sexual and gender minorities on the US-Mexico border.

• PrefaceIntroduction1. The Context of Police Shootings and Protest: Denver2. Divergent Life Chances for Gettin’ Shot by the Police3. Two Trigger Fingers: An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Differences4. Types of Shootings: Problematic, Questionable, and Less Controversial5. Law Enforcement Officers and the Pristine Fourteen6. A Public Health Problem for the United States: Places, Practices, and Policies7. Accountability Through Legislative Action, Institutional Policies, and ResearchConclusionAcknowledgmentsAppendix 1: Data Sources and AnalysisAppendix 2: Data TablesNotesBibliographyIndex

A critical analysis of how racism and classism shape fatal police violence, Justice Required expands our understanding of what has constituted the standard of “objective reasonableness” and probable cause in violence by law enforcement. Durán and Loza have written a well-theorized and scrupulously researched book that is a significant contribution to sociology and public health.

Robert J. Durán is an associate professor of sociology at Texas A&M University. He is the author of The Gang Paradox: Inequalities and Miracles on the U.S.-Mexico Border (2018) and Gang Life in Two Cities: An Insider’s Journey (2013), both published by Columbia University Press.Oralia Loza is a professor of public health and interdisciplinary health sciences in the College of Health Sciences at the University of Texas, El Paso. Their research focuses on drug use, sexual risk, barriers to care, and sexual and gender minorities on the US-Mexico border.

• PrefaceIntroduction1. The Context of Police Shootings and Protest: Denver2. Divergent Life Chances for Gettin’ Shot by the Police3. Two Trigger Fingers: An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Differences4. Types of Shootings: Problematic, Questionable, and Less Controversial5. Law Enforcement Officers and the Pristine Fourteen6. A Public Health Problem for the United States: Places, Practices, and Policies7. Accountability Through Legislative Action, Institutional Policies, and ResearchConclusionAcknowledgmentsAppendix 1: Data Sources and AnalysisAppendix 2: Data TablesNotesBibliographyIndex

A critical analysis of how racism and classism shape fatal police violence, Justice Required expands our understanding of what has constituted the standard of “objective reasonableness” and probable cause in violence by law enforcement. Durán and Loza have written a well-theorized and scrupulously researched book that is a significant contribution to sociology and public health.