Jus Post Bellum: The Rediscovery, Foundations, and Future of the Law of Transforming War into Peace

Jens Iverson, Ph.D. (2017), is Assistant Professor of Law at Leiden. He has edited volumes and published many articles on jus post bellum, including Just Peace after conflict: Jus Post Bellum and the Justice of Peace (OUP 2020); War Aims Matter, Jus Post Bellum: Environmental Protection and Transitions from Conflict to Peace (OUP 2017); Jus Post Bellum and Foreign Investment; Jus Post Bellum: Mapping the Normative Foundations (OUP 2014); Transitional Justice, and Jus Post Bellum and International Criminal Law.

• IntroductionAIntroducing the Theme of Jus Post BellumBSummaryCProblematizatioDResearch aimsEResearch questionsFPropositionsGConceptual frameworkHAddressees of Jus Post BellumIExplanation of StructurePart 1 1Past – The Deep Roots of Jus Post BellumAIntroductionBHistorical Development1Augustine of Hippo (354-430)2Institutes of Justinian (533)3Raymond of Penafort (1175-1275) (Decretals of Gregory IX)4Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)5Baldus de Ubaldis (1327-1400)6Francisco de Vitoria (1492 – 1546)7Francisco Suarez (1548-1617)8Alberico Gentili (1552- 1608)9Petrus Gudelinus (1550-1619)10Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)11Christian Wolff (1679-1754)12Emer de Vattel (1714-1767)13Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)CConclusion2Exploration of Sister TermsAJus In BelloBJus Ad BellumCImport for Jus Post Bellum and the Trichotomy3Three Approaches to Jus Post BellumAIntroductionBTemporal ApproachCFunctional ApproachDHybrid ApproachELex Specialis and Lex GeneralisFInterplayGHybrid Approach to Jus Post Bellum4Present – An Exploration of Contemporary UsageAThe Existing Matrix of Definitions: A Review of Contemporary Scholarship1Introduction2Identifying the Definitional Dichotomy — Functional vs. Temporal3Problems of the Dichotomy4Importance5Empirical AnalysisBContrasting Jus Post Bellum and Transitional Justice1Introduction2The Grotian Tradition3Basic Definitions4Contrasting the Content of Transitional Justice and Jus Post Bellum5Temporal Contrast – the Dynamics6Specific to Global Contrast7Legal Contrast8Historical Foundations9Going Forward – Continuing the Grotian Tradition5Empirical Analysis of the LiteratureAIntroductionBMethodCFindings1Summary Findings2Unclassifiable3Functional Definitions4Temporal DefinitionsDConclusion 195Part 2 6Jus Post Bellum in the context of International and Non-International Armed ConflictAIntroductionBJus In Bello in IAC and NIACCJus Ad Bellum in IAC and NIACDJus Post Bellum in IAC and NIAC1Complications2Prohibitions and Facilitations3More Procedural Aspects4Mixed Procedural and Substantive Aspects5More Substantive AspectsEConclusion7Contemporary Legal Content of Jus Post BellumAIntroduction1Chapter Focus2Responses to Critical Approaches to Jus Post BellumBProcedural Fairness and Peace Agreements1Article 52 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties2Other Considerations of procedural fairnessCThe Responsibility to ProtectDTerritorial Dispute Resolution1Prohibition of Annexation2Self-determinationEConsequences of an Act of AggressionFInternational Territorial Administration and TrusteeshipGThe Law Applicable in a Territory in Transition1The Law of State Succession2Human Rights Law and the Rights and Interests of Minorities3The Laws of OccupationHThe Scope of Individual Criminal ResponsibilityIOdious DebtJAlternative structuring of Jus Post BellumKConclusion8Future? Rethinking Transformative Occupation and DemocratizationAIntroductionBThe Interests of Groups in the Transition to PeaceCJus Post Bellum and DemocratizationDThe Problem of Undemocratic Transitions to Peace1The Natural Tendencies of Unguided Transitions to Peace to Favor the Powerful2The Limitations of Public International Law and Traditional International Humanitarian Law3The Limitations of Human Rights Law, Transitional Justice, and International Criminal LawETransformative Occupation and Democratic peace1The Problem of Transformative Occupation2Kant’s Concept of a Warlike Constitution3Democratic Peace4The Role of Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women in a DemocracyFArgument for Democratization in the Transition to PeaceGTransformative Occupation that Considers Group Interests and Participation Aiding the Transition to Peace9ConclusionsAKey Strengths1Broad and Increasing Interest2FoundationBKey Weaknesses1Lack of Consensus2Difficulties of Integrating a Range of SourcesCKey Opportunities1The Opportunity to Clarify a Range of Areas of Law and Practice2The Opportunity to Contribute to the Establishment of Just and Enduring PeaceDKey Threats1The Threat of Politicization2The Threat of Discouraging PeaceEFinal ConclusionBibliography ALiteraturea.Table of Casesb.Table of Treatiesc.UN Documentsd.Miscellaneous Sourcese.Online SourcesIndex