Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Anna Grøndahl Larsen holds a PhD from the Department of Journalism and Media Studies, Oslo Metropolitan University. She is currently senior lecturer at the Department of Media and Communication at the University of Oslo. Her research interests include journalism and political communication, comprising topics such as extremism, terrorism and the media.Ingrid Fadnes is a journalist and researcher connected to the Media, War and Conflict research group at Oslo Metropolitan University. Fadnes was a member of the organizing committee of the Safety of Journalists conference at Olso Metropolitan University 2017, 2018 and 2019.Roy Krøvel is Professor of Journalism at Oslo Metropolitan University and the Sámi University of Applied Sciences. Krøvel is a civil engineer with specialization in risk management and holds a PhD in History.

• Chapter 1 Introduction: Safety for journalists and self-censorshipIngrid Fadnes, Roy Krøvel and Anna Grøndahl LarsenChapter 2 Journalism and self-censorship in the insecure democracies of Central AmericaJosé Luis Benítez Chapter 3 Red lines of journalism: Digital surveillance, safety risks and journalists’ self-censorship in PakistanSadia Jamil Chapter 4 Chilling or cosy effects? Zimbabwean journalists’ experiences and the struggle for definition of self-censorshipNhamo Anthony Mhiripiri Chapter 5 Lèse-majesté and journalism in Turkey and EuropeAytekin Kaan Kurtul Chapter 6 Online surveillance and the repressive Press Council Bill: A two-pronged approach to media self-censorship in NigeriaOlunifesi Adekunle SurajChapter 7 The "tripple" effect silencing female journalists online: A theoretical exploration Marte HøibyChapter 8 A way to silence journalists? Estonian female journalists’ experiences with harassment and self-censorshipSigne IvaskChapter 9 Risk perception and the negotiation of safety among Ugandan female journalists covering political demonstrationsAisha Sembatya NakiwalaChapter 10Fear, trauma and local journalists: Implications for media development and peacebuilding Michelle Betz and Paul BeighleyChapter 11Safety and self-censorship: Examining their linkage to social media use among Ugandan journalistsFlorence Namasinga Selnes Chapter 12 Defending the watchdog: How local NGOs build journalists’ resilience by combating threats to their safety and securityGerald WalulyaChapter 13Conclusion: Researching self-censorship caused by inadequate safety of journalists. Causes, solutions and future researchIngrid Fadnes, Roy Krøvel and Anna Grøndahl Larsen