Paolo Bernardini was a Fellow of the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study and of the Royal Historical Society. Currently he is Resident Director of the Padova Program, Boston University.

• List of IllustrationsPrefaceNorman FieringIntroduction: A Milder Colonization: Jewish Expansion to the New World, and the New World in the Jewish Consciousness of the Early Modern EraPaolo BernardiniPART I: THE OLD NEWWORLD: IDEAS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF AMERICA IN EUROPEAN AND JEWISH CONSCIOUSNESS AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORYChapter 1. Biblical History and the Americas: The Legend of Solomon’s Ophir, 1492–1591James RommChapter 2. Knowledge of Newly Discovered Lands among Jewish Communities of Europe (from 1492 to the Thirty Years’ War)Noah J. EfronChapter 3. Jewish Scientists and the Origin of Modern NavigationPatricia SeedChapter 4. The Hope of the Netherlands: Menasseh ben Israel and the Dutch Idea of AmericaBenjamin SchmidtChapter 5. Israel in America: The Wanderings of the Lost Ten Tribes from Mikveigh Yisrael to Timothy McVeighDavid S. KatzPART II: IDENTITY AT STAKE: CONCEALING, PRESERVING, AND RESHAPING JUDAISM AMONG THE CONVERSOS AND MARRANOS OF SPANISH AMERICAChapter 6. New Christian, Marrano, JewRobert RowlandChapter 7. Marrano Religiosity in Hispanic America in the Seventeenth CenturyNathan WachtelChapter 8. Crypto-Jews and the Mexican Holy Office in the Seventeenth CenturySolange AlberroChapter 9. The Participation of New Christians and Crypto-Jews in the Conquest, Colonization, and Trade of Spanish America, 1521–1660Eva Alexandra UchmanyChapter 10. Crypto-Jews and New Christians in Colonial Peru and ChileGünter BöhmPART III: THE LUSO-BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE: JEWS IN PORTUGUESE LATIN AMERICAChapter 11. Marranos and the Inquisition: On the Gold Route in Minas Gerais, BrazilAnita NovinskyChapter 12. Outcasts from the Kingdom: The Inquisition and the Banishment of New Christians to BrazilGeraldo PieroniPART IV: FROM TOLERATION TO EXPULSION: IDENTITY,TRADE, AND STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL IN FRANCE AND CARIBBEAN FRENCH AMERICAChapter 13. The Portuguese Jewish Nation of Saint-Esprit-lès-Bayonne: The American DimensionGérard NahonChapter 14. Atlantic Trade and Sephardim Merchants in Eighteenth-Century France: The Case of BordeauxSilvia MarzagalliChapter 15. Jewish Settlements in the French Colonies in the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Cayenne) and the “Black Code"Mordechai ArbellChapter 16. New Christians/”New Whites”: Sephardic Jews, Free People of Color, and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue, 1760–1789John D. GarrigusPART V: BLOSSOMING IN ANOTHERWORLD: THE JEWS AND THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN DUTCH AMERICAChapter 17. The Jews of Dutch AmericaJonathan I. IsraelChapter 18. The Jews in Suriname and CuraçaoWim KloosterChapter 19. An Atlantic Perspective on the Jewish Struggle for Rights and Opportunities in Brazil, New Netherland, and New YorkJames Homer WilliamsChapter 20. Antecedents and Remnants of Jodensavanne: The Synagogues and Cemeteries of the First Permanent Plantation Settlement of New World JewsRachel FrankelPART VI: “THE BROKERS OF THEWORLD”: AMERICAN JEWS, NEW CHRISTIANS, AND INTERNATIONAL TRADEChapter 21. Jews and New Christians in the Atlantic Slave TradeSeymour DrescherChapter 22. New Christians and Jews in the Sugar Trade, 1550–1750: Two Centuries of Development of the Atlantic EconomyJames C. BoyajianChapter 23. New Christians as Sugar Cultivators and Traders in the Portuguese Atlantic, 1450–1800Ernst PijningChapter 24. The Jewish Moment and the Two Expansion Systems in the Atlantic, 1580–1650Pieter EmmerPART VII: THE JEWS IN COLONIAL BRITISH AMERICAChapter 25. The Jews in British AmericaJonathan D. SarnaNotes on ContributorsName IndexPlace IndexSubject Index

“This impressive volume shows that the history of minorities – specifically that of a diaspora – can open up completely new perspectives on the 'great' questions and developments of general history.” • Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft“… this magnificent and much-needed volume … is remarkably free, factual or interpretive.” • American Jewish History“The age-old tension between value-free history and history with a moral is implicit throughout this fine volume.” • The Jerusalem Report“A substantial contribution to the scholarship on Indian [Native-American]-European relations … Specialists will find new nuggets to challenge existing interpretations, while readers new to the topic will find useful introductions and more detailed case studies that give some idea of the current issues under scholarly debate. All readers will experience the benefits of looking at one topic comparatively across vast amounts of space and time.” • Itinerario

Paolo Bernardini was a Fellow of the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study and of the Royal Historical Society. Currently he is Resident Director of the Padova Program, Boston University.

• List of IllustrationsPrefaceNorman FieringIntroduction: A Milder Colonization: Jewish Expansion to the New World, and the New World in the Jewish Consciousness of the Early Modern EraPaolo BernardiniPART I: THE OLD NEWWORLD: IDEAS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF AMERICA IN EUROPEAN AND JEWISH CONSCIOUSNESS AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORYChapter 1. Biblical History and the Americas: The Legend of Solomon’s Ophir, 1492–1591James RommChapter 2. Knowledge of Newly Discovered Lands among Jewish Communities of Europe (from 1492 to the Thirty Years’ War)Noah J. EfronChapter 3. Jewish Scientists and the Origin of Modern NavigationPatricia SeedChapter 4. The Hope of the Netherlands: Menasseh ben Israel and the Dutch Idea of AmericaBenjamin SchmidtChapter 5. Israel in America: The Wanderings of the Lost Ten Tribes from Mikveigh Yisrael to Timothy McVeighDavid S. KatzPART II: IDENTITY AT STAKE: CONCEALING, PRESERVING, AND RESHAPING JUDAISM AMONG THE CONVERSOS AND MARRANOS OF SPANISH AMERICAChapter 6. New Christian, Marrano, JewRobert RowlandChapter 7. Marrano Religiosity in Hispanic America in the Seventeenth CenturyNathan WachtelChapter 8. Crypto-Jews and the Mexican Holy Office in the Seventeenth CenturySolange AlberroChapter 9. The Participation of New Christians and Crypto-Jews in the Conquest, Colonization, and Trade of Spanish America, 1521–1660Eva Alexandra UchmanyChapter 10. Crypto-Jews and New Christians in Colonial Peru and ChileGünter BöhmPART III: THE LUSO-BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE: JEWS IN PORTUGUESE LATIN AMERICAChapter 11. Marranos and the Inquisition: On the Gold Route in Minas Gerais, BrazilAnita NovinskyChapter 12. Outcasts from the Kingdom: The Inquisition and the Banishment of New Christians to BrazilGeraldo PieroniPART IV: FROM TOLERATION TO EXPULSION: IDENTITY,TRADE, AND STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL IN FRANCE AND CARIBBEAN FRENCH AMERICAChapter 13. The Portuguese Jewish Nation of Saint-Esprit-lès-Bayonne: The American DimensionGérard NahonChapter 14. Atlantic Trade and Sephardim Merchants in Eighteenth-Century France: The Case of BordeauxSilvia MarzagalliChapter 15. Jewish Settlements in the French Colonies in the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Cayenne) and the “Black Code"Mordechai ArbellChapter 16. New Christians/”New Whites”: Sephardic Jews, Free People of Color, and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue, 1760–1789John D. GarrigusPART V: BLOSSOMING IN ANOTHERWORLD: THE JEWS AND THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN DUTCH AMERICAChapter 17. The Jews of Dutch AmericaJonathan I. IsraelChapter 18. The Jews in Suriname and CuraçaoWim KloosterChapter 19. An Atlantic Perspective on the Jewish Struggle for Rights and Opportunities in Brazil, New Netherland, and New YorkJames Homer WilliamsChapter 20. Antecedents and Remnants of Jodensavanne: The Synagogues and Cemeteries of the First Permanent Plantation Settlement of New World JewsRachel FrankelPART VI: “THE BROKERS OF THEWORLD”: AMERICAN JEWS, NEW CHRISTIANS, AND INTERNATIONAL TRADEChapter 21. Jews and New Christians in the Atlantic Slave TradeSeymour DrescherChapter 22. New Christians and Jews in the Sugar Trade, 1550–1750: Two Centuries of Development of the Atlantic EconomyJames C. BoyajianChapter 23. New Christians as Sugar Cultivators and Traders in the Portuguese Atlantic, 1450–1800Ernst PijningChapter 24. The Jewish Moment and the Two Expansion Systems in the Atlantic, 1580–1650Pieter EmmerPART VII: THE JEWS IN COLONIAL BRITISH AMERICAChapter 25. The Jews in British AmericaJonathan D. SarnaNotes on ContributorsName IndexPlace IndexSubject Index

“This impressive volume shows that the history of minorities – specifically that of a diaspora – can open up completely new perspectives on the 'great' questions and developments of general history.” • Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft“… this magnificent and much-needed volume … is remarkably free, factual or interpretive.” • American Jewish History“The age-old tension between value-free history and history with a moral is implicit throughout this fine volume.” • The Jerusalem Report“A substantial contribution to the scholarship on Indian [Native-American]-European relations … Specialists will find new nuggets to challenge existing interpretations, while readers new to the topic will find useful introductions and more detailed case studies that give some idea of the current issues under scholarly debate. All readers will experience the benefits of looking at one topic comparatively across vast amounts of space and time.” • Itinerario

Paolo Bernardini was a Fellow of the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study and of the Royal Historical Society. Currently he is Resident Director of the Padova Program, Boston University.

• List of IllustrationsPrefaceNorman FieringIntroduction: A Milder Colonization: Jewish Expansion to the New World, and the New World in the Jewish Consciousness of the Early Modern EraPaolo BernardiniPART I: THE OLD NEWWORLD: IDEAS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF AMERICA IN EUROPEAN AND JEWISH CONSCIOUSNESS AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORYChapter 1. Biblical History and the Americas: The Legend of Solomon’s Ophir, 1492–1591James RommChapter 2. Knowledge of Newly Discovered Lands among Jewish Communities of Europe (from 1492 to the Thirty Years’ War)Noah J. EfronChapter 3. Jewish Scientists and the Origin of Modern NavigationPatricia SeedChapter 4. The Hope of the Netherlands: Menasseh ben Israel and the Dutch Idea of AmericaBenjamin SchmidtChapter 5. Israel in America: The Wanderings of the Lost Ten Tribes from Mikveigh Yisrael to Timothy McVeighDavid S. KatzPART II: IDENTITY AT STAKE: CONCEALING, PRESERVING, AND RESHAPING JUDAISM AMONG THE CONVERSOS AND MARRANOS OF SPANISH AMERICAChapter 6. New Christian, Marrano, JewRobert RowlandChapter 7. Marrano Religiosity in Hispanic America in the Seventeenth CenturyNathan WachtelChapter 8. Crypto-Jews and the Mexican Holy Office in the Seventeenth CenturySolange AlberroChapter 9. The Participation of New Christians and Crypto-Jews in the Conquest, Colonization, and Trade of Spanish America, 1521–1660Eva Alexandra UchmanyChapter 10. Crypto-Jews and New Christians in Colonial Peru and ChileGünter BöhmPART III: THE LUSO-BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE: JEWS IN PORTUGUESE LATIN AMERICAChapter 11. Marranos and the Inquisition: On the Gold Route in Minas Gerais, BrazilAnita NovinskyChapter 12. Outcasts from the Kingdom: The Inquisition and the Banishment of New Christians to BrazilGeraldo PieroniPART IV: FROM TOLERATION TO EXPULSION: IDENTITY,TRADE, AND STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL IN FRANCE AND CARIBBEAN FRENCH AMERICAChapter 13. The Portuguese Jewish Nation of Saint-Esprit-lès-Bayonne: The American DimensionGérard NahonChapter 14. Atlantic Trade and Sephardim Merchants in Eighteenth-Century France: The Case of BordeauxSilvia MarzagalliChapter 15. Jewish Settlements in the French Colonies in the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Cayenne) and the “Black Code"Mordechai ArbellChapter 16. New Christians/”New Whites”: Sephardic Jews, Free People of Color, and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue, 1760–1789John D. GarrigusPART V: BLOSSOMING IN ANOTHERWORLD: THE JEWS AND THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN DUTCH AMERICAChapter 17. The Jews of Dutch AmericaJonathan I. IsraelChapter 18. The Jews in Suriname and CuraçaoWim KloosterChapter 19. An Atlantic Perspective on the Jewish Struggle for Rights and Opportunities in Brazil, New Netherland, and New YorkJames Homer WilliamsChapter 20. Antecedents and Remnants of Jodensavanne: The Synagogues and Cemeteries of the First Permanent Plantation Settlement of New World JewsRachel FrankelPART VI: “THE BROKERS OF THEWORLD”: AMERICAN JEWS, NEW CHRISTIANS, AND INTERNATIONAL TRADEChapter 21. Jews and New Christians in the Atlantic Slave TradeSeymour DrescherChapter 22. New Christians and Jews in the Sugar Trade, 1550–1750: Two Centuries of Development of the Atlantic EconomyJames C. BoyajianChapter 23. New Christians as Sugar Cultivators and Traders in the Portuguese Atlantic, 1450–1800Ernst PijningChapter 24. The Jewish Moment and the Two Expansion Systems in the Atlantic, 1580–1650Pieter EmmerPART VII: THE JEWS IN COLONIAL BRITISH AMERICAChapter 25. The Jews in British AmericaJonathan D. SarnaNotes on ContributorsName IndexPlace IndexSubject Index

“This impressive volume shows that the history of minorities – specifically that of a diaspora – can open up completely new perspectives on the 'great' questions and developments of general history.” • Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft“… this magnificent and much-needed volume … is remarkably free, factual or interpretive.” • American Jewish History“The age-old tension between value-free history and history with a moral is implicit throughout this fine volume.” • The Jerusalem Report“A substantial contribution to the scholarship on Indian [Native-American]-European relations … Specialists will find new nuggets to challenge existing interpretations, while readers new to the topic will find useful introductions and more detailed case studies that give some idea of the current issues under scholarly debate. All readers will experience the benefits of looking at one topic comparatively across vast amounts of space and time.” • Itinerario