VLADIMIR I. IVANOV is Senior Researcher at the Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia. Formerly he was Head of the Asia-Pacific Region Department of the Institute of World Economics and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Among his earlier publications is Northern Territories and Beyond: Russian, Japanese, and American Perspectives (Praeger, 1995).KARLA S. SMITH formerly was a researcher at the Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia. She now lives in Washington, DC.