Melanie Barbato is a researcher at the Institute for Religious Studies and Intercultural Theology at WWU Münster. She holds a doctorate in Indology and Religious Studies from LMU Munich and a Master in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford.

• Acknowledgements1 Introduction: Identity in Changing TimesThe Historical Development of AnekāntavādaFirst Stage: Discourse within the Jain CommunitySecond Stage: Indian Inter-school DiscourseThird Stage: Colonial DiscourseFourth Stage: Global DiscourseThe Structure of the Book2 Who are the Jains? A Community between Indian Tradition and Global ModernityThe FordmakersBeliefs and WorshipPuṇya and PāpaThe Historical Development of JainismConclusion3 Jains in Inner-indian DialogueThe Schools of Indian PhilosophyThe Historical Development of Jain PhilosophyThe Classical Concept of AnekāntavādaPlurality in Jain OntologyIndian OntologiesAn Ontology of Organic PluralityOrigination, Destruction and PersistenceSubstance, Qualities and ModificationsThe Complex Union of RealityClassical ApplicationsUniversalsRelationsCause and EffectThe Nature of the SoulPlurality in Jain Discursive LogicLogic in IndiaThe Nyāya Inference ModelThe Aim of Indian LogicJain Logic: Every Statement is ConditionalSevenfold PredicationYaśovijaya’s Interpretation of the SaptabhaṅgīŚankara’s Criticism of Jain LogicJain Logic, Nyāya Logic, Western LogicPlurality and Perfect KnowledgeJain SoteriologyThe Stages of KnowledgeLimited Knowledge: The View-pointsFalse Views and AbsolutismWhat the Omniscient KnowPlurality in the Light of OmniscienceKundakunda’s Two ViewpointsConclusion 4 Plurality in Modern Jain DialoguesTolerance and Interreligious Dialogue The World’s Parliament of Religions in ChicagoIndian InclusivismThe Limits of Jain ToleranceGandhi and Shrimad RajchandraAnekāntavāda as Intellectual Non-violenceAnekāntavāda as RelativismIdentity, Values and DoctrineJainism in Dialogue with Science The Historical ContextA Scientific Religion?Jainism as Scientific TheoryJain Diplomacy Jain Environmental ActivismAcharya Sushil Kumar and Religious DiplomacyConclusion 5 Jain Dialogic Identity – Then and NowAnekāntavāda between Philosophy and Rhetorics Four Understandings of anekāntavādaA Philosophical Understanding of anekāntavādaA Conservative Modern Understanding of anekāntavādaA Modernist Understanding of anekāntavādaA Lay Orthodox Understanding of anekāntavādaWho Speaks for anekāntavāda? ConclusionBibliography

Melanie Barbato is a researcher at the Institute for Religious Studies and Intercultural Theology at WWU Münster. She holds a doctorate in Indology and Religious Studies from LMU Munich and a Master in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford.

• Acknowledgements1 Introduction: Identity in Changing TimesThe Historical Development of AnekāntavādaFirst Stage: Discourse within the Jain CommunitySecond Stage: Indian Inter-school DiscourseThird Stage: Colonial DiscourseFourth Stage: Global DiscourseThe Structure of the Book2 Who are the Jains? A Community between Indian Tradition and Global ModernityThe FordmakersBeliefs and WorshipPuṇya and PāpaThe Historical Development of JainismConclusion3 Jains in Inner-indian DialogueThe Schools of Indian PhilosophyThe Historical Development of Jain PhilosophyThe Classical Concept of AnekāntavādaPlurality in Jain OntologyIndian OntologiesAn Ontology of Organic PluralityOrigination, Destruction and PersistenceSubstance, Qualities and ModificationsThe Complex Union of RealityClassical ApplicationsUniversalsRelationsCause and EffectThe Nature of the SoulPlurality in Jain Discursive LogicLogic in IndiaThe Nyāya Inference ModelThe Aim of Indian LogicJain Logic: Every Statement is ConditionalSevenfold PredicationYaśovijaya’s Interpretation of the SaptabhaṅgīŚankara’s Criticism of Jain LogicJain Logic, Nyāya Logic, Western LogicPlurality and Perfect KnowledgeJain SoteriologyThe Stages of KnowledgeLimited Knowledge: The View-pointsFalse Views and AbsolutismWhat the Omniscient KnowPlurality in the Light of OmniscienceKundakunda’s Two ViewpointsConclusion 4 Plurality in Modern Jain DialoguesTolerance and Interreligious Dialogue The World’s Parliament of Religions in ChicagoIndian InclusivismThe Limits of Jain ToleranceGandhi and Shrimad RajchandraAnekāntavāda as Intellectual Non-violenceAnekāntavāda as RelativismIdentity, Values and DoctrineJainism in Dialogue with Science The Historical ContextA Scientific Religion?Jainism as Scientific TheoryJain Diplomacy Jain Environmental ActivismAcharya Sushil Kumar and Religious DiplomacyConclusion 5 Jain Dialogic Identity – Then and NowAnekāntavāda between Philosophy and Rhetorics Four Understandings of anekāntavādaA Philosophical Understanding of anekāntavādaA Conservative Modern Understanding of anekāntavādaA Modernist Understanding of anekāntavādaA Lay Orthodox Understanding of anekāntavādaWho Speaks for anekāntavāda? ConclusionBibliography

Melanie Barbato is a researcher at the Institute for Religious Studies and Intercultural Theology at WWU Münster. She holds a doctorate in Indology and Religious Studies from LMU Munich and a Master in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford.

• Acknowledgements1 Introduction: Identity in Changing TimesThe Historical Development of AnekāntavādaFirst Stage: Discourse within the Jain CommunitySecond Stage: Indian Inter-school DiscourseThird Stage: Colonial DiscourseFourth Stage: Global DiscourseThe Structure of the Book2 Who are the Jains? A Community between Indian Tradition and Global ModernityThe FordmakersBeliefs and WorshipPuṇya and PāpaThe Historical Development of JainismConclusion3 Jains in Inner-indian DialogueThe Schools of Indian PhilosophyThe Historical Development of Jain PhilosophyThe Classical Concept of AnekāntavādaPlurality in Jain OntologyIndian OntologiesAn Ontology of Organic PluralityOrigination, Destruction and PersistenceSubstance, Qualities and ModificationsThe Complex Union of RealityClassical ApplicationsUniversalsRelationsCause and EffectThe Nature of the SoulPlurality in Jain Discursive LogicLogic in IndiaThe Nyāya Inference ModelThe Aim of Indian LogicJain Logic: Every Statement is ConditionalSevenfold PredicationYaśovijaya’s Interpretation of the SaptabhaṅgīŚankara’s Criticism of Jain LogicJain Logic, Nyāya Logic, Western LogicPlurality and Perfect KnowledgeJain SoteriologyThe Stages of KnowledgeLimited Knowledge: The View-pointsFalse Views and AbsolutismWhat the Omniscient KnowPlurality in the Light of OmniscienceKundakunda’s Two ViewpointsConclusion 4 Plurality in Modern Jain DialoguesTolerance and Interreligious Dialogue The World’s Parliament of Religions in ChicagoIndian InclusivismThe Limits of Jain ToleranceGandhi and Shrimad RajchandraAnekāntavāda as Intellectual Non-violenceAnekāntavāda as RelativismIdentity, Values and DoctrineJainism in Dialogue with Science The Historical ContextA Scientific Religion?Jainism as Scientific TheoryJain Diplomacy Jain Environmental ActivismAcharya Sushil Kumar and Religious DiplomacyConclusion 5 Jain Dialogic Identity – Then and NowAnekāntavāda between Philosophy and Rhetorics Four Understandings of anekāntavādaA Philosophical Understanding of anekāntavādaA Conservative Modern Understanding of anekāntavādaA Modernist Understanding of anekāntavādaA Lay Orthodox Understanding of anekāntavādaWho Speaks for anekāntavāda? ConclusionBibliography