Mary Gibson is Professor Emerita of History at John Jay College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA. She is the author of Born to Crime: Cesare Lombroso and the Origins of Biological Criminology (2002) and Prostitution and the State in Italy, 1860-1915 (2nd Edition, 1999).MARY GIBSON is Professor of History at John Jay College of Criminal Justice and the Graduate School, City University of New York.

• List of FiguresList of TablesIntroduction1. Punishment before Italian Unification2. The Failed Revolution in Punishment3. Prison Consolidation and Reform4. Women and the Convent Prison5. Men: From Chains to the Penitentiary6. Juvenile Reformatories between State and Charity7. Prisons on the Margin: Police Camps and Criminal Insane Asylums8. Laboratories of Criminal AnthropologyBibliographyIndex

Mary Gibson is Professor Emerita of History at John Jay College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA. She is the author of Born to Crime: Cesare Lombroso and the Origins of Biological Criminology (2002) and Prostitution and the State in Italy, 1860-1915 (2nd Edition, 1999).MARY GIBSON is Professor of History at John Jay College of Criminal Justice and the Graduate School, City University of New York.

• List of FiguresList of TablesIntroduction1. Punishment before Italian Unification2. The Failed Revolution in Punishment3. Prison Consolidation and Reform4. Women and the Convent Prison5. Men: From Chains to the Penitentiary6. Juvenile Reformatories between State and Charity7. Prisons on the Margin: Police Camps and Criminal Insane Asylums8. Laboratories of Criminal AnthropologyBibliographyIndex

Mary Gibson is Professor Emerita of History at John Jay College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA. She is the author of Born to Crime: Cesare Lombroso and the Origins of Biological Criminology (2002) and Prostitution and the State in Italy, 1860-1915 (2nd Edition, 1999).MARY GIBSON is Professor of History at John Jay College of Criminal Justice and the Graduate School, City University of New York.

• List of FiguresList of TablesIntroduction1. Punishment before Italian Unification2. The Failed Revolution in Punishment3. Prison Consolidation and Reform4. Women and the Convent Prison5. Men: From Chains to the Penitentiary6. Juvenile Reformatories between State and Charity7. Prisons on the Margin: Police Camps and Criminal Insane Asylums8. Laboratories of Criminal AnthropologyBibliographyIndex