Mitra Zeraatpishe is an assistant professor at Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. She received her Ph.D. in TEFL from Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch. She has 10 years teaching experience and has published a number of articles in national and international journals and has presented papers in several conferences. Her research interests include SLA, linguistics, teaching methodologies, and teaching skills.Akram Faravani is an assistant professor in Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. She received her Ph.D. in TEFL from Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Science and Research Branch. She has 10 years teaching experience and has published a number of articles in national and international journals and has presented papers in some conferences. Her major research interests include SLA, language testing, syllabus designing and materials development.Hamid Reza Kargozari is an assistant professor at Tabaran Institute of Higher Education, Iran. His current research interests cover issues in psycholinguistics, materials development and sociolinguistics. He has been involved in a range of projects in these areas.Maryam Azarnoosh is an assistant professor of TEFL at Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran. She was the dean of Faculty of Humanities for two years and has been the head of Department of English language since 2010. She is also the head of Educated Women Council of Islamic Azad University Semnan Province. She has been teaching at different universities for over 16 years and has published and presented papers in different national and international journals and conferences. She has also co-authored an ESP book for students of computer engineering. Her main research interests include English language skills, materials development and evaluation, English for specific purposes, language teaching, testing and assessment.

• PrefaceList of Figures and TablesPart 1: Theories1. BehaviourismHamid Reza Kargozari and Akram Faravani2. Cognitive Approaches to Second Language Acquisition: A Symbiosis between Nature and NurtureParviz Maftoon and Nima Shakouri3. ConstructivismHossein Nassaji and Jun Tian4. ConnectionismMichael R. W. Dawson5. InteractionismShawn Loewen and Jennifer Majorana6. Critical Theories of SLA and Their Applications to Reflective and Effective TeachingGraham V. CrookesPart 2: Skills/Subskills7. Reflective and Effective Teaching of PronunciationJohn M. Levis and Shannon McCrocklin8. Reflective and Effective Teaching of GrammarConstance Weaver and Dorothy Gillmeister9. Reflective and Effective Teaching of VocabularyUlugbek Nurmukhamedov and Luke Plonsky10. Reflective and Effective Teaching of Idioms through a Pragmatic PerspectiveJohn L. Liontas11. Reflective Teaching of SpeakingAnne Burns12. Reflective and Effective Teaching of WritingMitra Zeraatpishe and Maryam Azarnoosh13. Reflective and Effective Teaching of ListeningChristine C. M. Goh and Larry Vandergrift14. Reflective and Effective Teaching of ReadingRichard R. DayAbout the ContributorsAuthor IndexSubject Index

Mitra Zeraatpishe is an assistant professor at Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. She received her Ph.D. in TEFL from Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch. She has 10 years teaching experience and has published a number of articles in national and international journals and has presented papers in several conferences. Her research interests include SLA, linguistics, teaching methodologies, and teaching skills.Akram Faravani is an assistant professor in Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. She received her Ph.D. in TEFL from Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Science and Research Branch. She has 10 years teaching experience and has published a number of articles in national and international journals and has presented papers in some conferences. Her major research interests include SLA, language testing, syllabus designing and materials development.Hamid Reza Kargozari is an assistant professor at Tabaran Institute of Higher Education, Iran. His current research interests cover issues in psycholinguistics, materials development and sociolinguistics. He has been involved in a range of projects in these areas.Maryam Azarnoosh is an assistant professor of TEFL at Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran. She was the dean of Faculty of Humanities for two years and has been the head of Department of English language since 2010. She is also the head of Educated Women Council of Islamic Azad University Semnan Province. She has been teaching at different universities for over 16 years and has published and presented papers in different national and international journals and conferences. She has also co-authored an ESP book for students of computer engineering. Her main research interests include English language skills, materials development and evaluation, English for specific purposes, language teaching, testing and assessment.

• PrefaceList of Figures and TablesPart 1: Theories1. BehaviourismHamid Reza Kargozari and Akram Faravani2. Cognitive Approaches to Second Language Acquisition: A Symbiosis between Nature and NurtureParviz Maftoon and Nima Shakouri3. ConstructivismHossein Nassaji and Jun Tian4. ConnectionismMichael R. W. Dawson5. InteractionismShawn Loewen and Jennifer Majorana6. Critical Theories of SLA and Their Applications to Reflective and Effective TeachingGraham V. CrookesPart 2: Skills/Subskills7. Reflective and Effective Teaching of PronunciationJohn M. Levis and Shannon McCrocklin8. Reflective and Effective Teaching of GrammarConstance Weaver and Dorothy Gillmeister9. Reflective and Effective Teaching of VocabularyUlugbek Nurmukhamedov and Luke Plonsky10. Reflective and Effective Teaching of Idioms through a Pragmatic PerspectiveJohn L. Liontas11. Reflective Teaching of SpeakingAnne Burns12. Reflective and Effective Teaching of WritingMitra Zeraatpishe and Maryam Azarnoosh13. Reflective and Effective Teaching of ListeningChristine C. M. Goh and Larry Vandergrift14. Reflective and Effective Teaching of ReadingRichard R. DayAbout the ContributorsAuthor IndexSubject Index

Mitra Zeraatpishe is an assistant professor at Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. She received her Ph.D. in TEFL from Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch. She has 10 years teaching experience and has published a number of articles in national and international journals and has presented papers in several conferences. Her research interests include SLA, linguistics, teaching methodologies, and teaching skills.Akram Faravani is an assistant professor in Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. She received her Ph.D. in TEFL from Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Science and Research Branch. She has 10 years teaching experience and has published a number of articles in national and international journals and has presented papers in some conferences. Her major research interests include SLA, language testing, syllabus designing and materials development.Hamid Reza Kargozari is an assistant professor at Tabaran Institute of Higher Education, Iran. His current research interests cover issues in psycholinguistics, materials development and sociolinguistics. He has been involved in a range of projects in these areas.Maryam Azarnoosh is an assistant professor of TEFL at Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran. She was the dean of Faculty of Humanities for two years and has been the head of Department of English language since 2010. She is also the head of Educated Women Council of Islamic Azad University Semnan Province. She has been teaching at different universities for over 16 years and has published and presented papers in different national and international journals and conferences. She has also co-authored an ESP book for students of computer engineering. Her main research interests include English language skills, materials development and evaluation, English for specific purposes, language teaching, testing and assessment.

• PrefaceList of Figures and TablesPart 1: Theories1. BehaviourismHamid Reza Kargozari and Akram Faravani2. Cognitive Approaches to Second Language Acquisition: A Symbiosis between Nature and NurtureParviz Maftoon and Nima Shakouri3. ConstructivismHossein Nassaji and Jun Tian4. ConnectionismMichael R. W. Dawson5. InteractionismShawn Loewen and Jennifer Majorana6. Critical Theories of SLA and Their Applications to Reflective and Effective TeachingGraham V. CrookesPart 2: Skills/Subskills7. Reflective and Effective Teaching of PronunciationJohn M. Levis and Shannon McCrocklin8. Reflective and Effective Teaching of GrammarConstance Weaver and Dorothy Gillmeister9. Reflective and Effective Teaching of VocabularyUlugbek Nurmukhamedov and Luke Plonsky10. Reflective and Effective Teaching of Idioms through a Pragmatic PerspectiveJohn L. Liontas11. Reflective Teaching of SpeakingAnne Burns12. Reflective and Effective Teaching of WritingMitra Zeraatpishe and Maryam Azarnoosh13. Reflective and Effective Teaching of ListeningChristine C. M. Goh and Larry Vandergrift14. Reflective and Effective Teaching of ReadingRichard R. DayAbout the ContributorsAuthor IndexSubject Index