In this timely volume, based on a special issue of "Comparative Education Review", leading comparative education scholars explore the world of education in Islam from the medieval era to today, illuminating the continuing struggle among Islamic scholars and educators over whether to reform or resist as a way of preserving identity. "Islam and Education" offers a rare overview of the great diversity in forms of Islamic education, dispelling misinterpretations and documenting the ever-evolving relationship of Islamic education to the West. It will be necessary reading for all humanists and social scientists wishing to understand the relationship between schools and societies, the spiritual dimensions of learning, and the social configuration of educational institutions.