Olaf Zenker is Junior Professor at the Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Freie Universität Berlin. He received his PhD from the Martin Luther University and the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale, Germany, and obtained his habilitation from the University of Bern, Switzerland. His publications include the co-edited volume Beyond Writing Culture: Current Intersections of Epistemologies and Representational Practices (Berghahn Books, 2010).

• DedicationEpigraphList of Tables, Figures, MapsAcknowledgementsGlossaryPROLOGUEChapter 1. A Walk of Life: Entering Catholic West BelfastChapter 2. Framing the Research: Analytical Approach and MethodologyThe Analytical Framework for the Study of Ethnic Identity (and the Irish Language)On MethodologyPART I: THE IRISH LANGUAGE IN CATHOLIC WEST BELFAST Chapter 3. Fáilte isteach – Welcome InChapter 4. Becoming a GaeilgeoirRoibeárd, age 63Rónán, age 61Mairéad, age 58Micheál, age 55Dónal, age 49Fíona, age 47Pól, age 47Pádraigín, age 40Sinéad, age 33Caoimhín, age 17Preliminary observationsChapter 5. On Prophets, Godfathers, Rebels and Prostitutes:a Contemporary History of the Irish language in Catholic West BelfastEmerging structural contexts for the Irish language in the 1950s: a prehistoryProphets on the moral ‘High Meadow’: the Cumann Ċluain ÁrdFrom a hedge(d) school to Irish language industries: godfathers of the Irish languageRebels with/out a political cause: the Jailtacht and beyondProstitutes of the Irish language?ConclusionsChapter 6. ‘Our own native language’: Local Representations and Practices of the Irish languageBetween purism and pragmatism: the micro-dynamics of Irish language usageThe political hijacking of the Irish language revival: the meso-dynamics of supply and demand‘Our own native language?’ The macro-dynamics of rights activism, ethnicism and nationalismConclusionsPART II: IRISH IDENTITY IN CATHOLIC WEST BELFASTChapter 7. ‘It’s part of what we are’ – Identifying IdentityChapter 8. Becoming (Aware of) Who You Are: IrishRoibeárd, age 63Rónán, age 61Mairéad, age 58Micheál, age 55Dónal, age 49Fíona, age 47Pól, age 47Pádraigín, age 40Sinéad, age 33Caoimhín, age 17Preliminary observationsChapter 9. Casting Nets of Identity: a Contemporary History of Irishness in Catholic West Belfast‘A constant counter-narrative to the dominant narrative of the society’: emerging structural contexts for/eclosing Irishness in Northern IrelandNo games, just sports? Gaelic games and the playground of Catholic West Belfast‘If you feel like singing, do sing an Irish song’: Irish music in Catholic West BelfastKnowing how to do your sevens: dancing to the tune of Irishness in Catholic West BelfastConclusionsChapter 10. ‘Something inside so strong’: Local Representations and Practices of IrishnessWhat it takes to be IrishThe Irishness of Protestants and the politics of a classificatory anomalyAutochthony as the causal logic behind ethnicityConclusionsEPILOGUEChapter 11. ‘Trying to make sense of it all’: Identity Matters in Catholic West BelfastPOST SCRIPTUMBibliographyIndex

“While the structure of the book is sometimes heavy, it remains rich in insights and shows theoretical flair. It will be of interest to people who want to know how Irish revitalists navigate ethnicity in Northern Ireland. The methodology is thorough, placing the experiences of the participants in conversation with social structures. Certainly, the theoretical contributions will be of interest to scholars of nationalism and ethnicity.” · Canadian Journal of Irish Studies“This book will be of interest to linguistic anthropologists, cultural anthropologists, as well as sociologists, political scientists, and historians of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It will also be valuable to those interested in cultural identity formation within politically charged contexts, including postcolonial contexts. It complements and extends the existing research on political identities in Northern Ireland.” · American Ethnologist“This is a thoroughly well-written, thought-provoking, and fascinating work which should appeal to ethnographers and linguistic anthropologists as well as to scholars working on language revival movements, particularly those of marginalised, minority languages. Zenker does well to contribute to debates about the politics of language and identity and to notions of place, nationhood, personhood, and autochthony… He writes with zeal and passion about a topic he is not only interested in and obviously fascinated by, but has experienced himself: learning Irish culture through learning the language.” · Anthropological Forum: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Comparative Sociology“Zenker’s prisme théorique allows him to present … individualized and collectivized autochthony as new framework for understanding Irish identity in Catholic West Belfast. In ‘making sense of it all’ in this way, and in his repudiation of ‘narrow constructivism’ …, Zenker effectively takes up the cudgels of [Richard] Jenkins … and [Thomas Hylland] Eriksen… in relocating the stuff of culture in the anthropology of ethnic identity. In short, this book is a valuable study of an important and highly politicized issue.” · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology“This is a beautifully nuanced, richly detailed ethnography of Irish-speaking, and Irish-speakers, in contemporary West Belfast. ... As an exploration of the ‘cultural stuff’, rather than group boundary maintenance, it makes an important contribution to post-Barthian ethnicity studies. ... It is one of the very best ethnographies of Belfast that I have read. Superb.” · Richard Jenkins, University of Sheffield“This is a well-researched and engaging text which sheds new light on the issues attending language revivalism in Ireland and its intersection with historic conflict in N. Ireland. The author explains his methodology clearly throughout in a way that allows theoretical issues to be integrated comfortably within the central narrative.” · Fionntán de Brún, University of Ulster

Olaf Zenker is Junior Professor at the Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Freie Universität Berlin. He received his PhD from the Martin Luther University and the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale, Germany, and obtained his habilitation from the University of Bern, Switzerland. His publications include the co-edited volume Beyond Writing Culture: Current Intersections of Epistemologies and Representational Practices (Berghahn Books, 2010).

• DedicationEpigraphList of Tables, Figures, MapsAcknowledgementsGlossaryPROLOGUEChapter 1. A Walk of Life: Entering Catholic West BelfastChapter 2. Framing the Research: Analytical Approach and MethodologyThe Analytical Framework for the Study of Ethnic Identity (and the Irish Language)On MethodologyPART I: THE IRISH LANGUAGE IN CATHOLIC WEST BELFAST Chapter 3. Fáilte isteach – Welcome InChapter 4. Becoming a GaeilgeoirRoibeárd, age 63Rónán, age 61Mairéad, age 58Micheál, age 55Dónal, age 49Fíona, age 47Pól, age 47Pádraigín, age 40Sinéad, age 33Caoimhín, age 17Preliminary observationsChapter 5. On Prophets, Godfathers, Rebels and Prostitutes:a Contemporary History of the Irish language in Catholic West BelfastEmerging structural contexts for the Irish language in the 1950s: a prehistoryProphets on the moral ‘High Meadow’: the Cumann Ċluain ÁrdFrom a hedge(d) school to Irish language industries: godfathers of the Irish languageRebels with/out a political cause: the Jailtacht and beyondProstitutes of the Irish language?ConclusionsChapter 6. ‘Our own native language’: Local Representations and Practices of the Irish languageBetween purism and pragmatism: the micro-dynamics of Irish language usageThe political hijacking of the Irish language revival: the meso-dynamics of supply and demand‘Our own native language?’ The macro-dynamics of rights activism, ethnicism and nationalismConclusionsPART II: IRISH IDENTITY IN CATHOLIC WEST BELFASTChapter 7. ‘It’s part of what we are’ – Identifying IdentityChapter 8. Becoming (Aware of) Who You Are: IrishRoibeárd, age 63Rónán, age 61Mairéad, age 58Micheál, age 55Dónal, age 49Fíona, age 47Pól, age 47Pádraigín, age 40Sinéad, age 33Caoimhín, age 17Preliminary observationsChapter 9. Casting Nets of Identity: a Contemporary History of Irishness in Catholic West Belfast‘A constant counter-narrative to the dominant narrative of the society’: emerging structural contexts for/eclosing Irishness in Northern IrelandNo games, just sports? Gaelic games and the playground of Catholic West Belfast‘If you feel like singing, do sing an Irish song’: Irish music in Catholic West BelfastKnowing how to do your sevens: dancing to the tune of Irishness in Catholic West BelfastConclusionsChapter 10. ‘Something inside so strong’: Local Representations and Practices of IrishnessWhat it takes to be IrishThe Irishness of Protestants and the politics of a classificatory anomalyAutochthony as the causal logic behind ethnicityConclusionsEPILOGUEChapter 11. ‘Trying to make sense of it all’: Identity Matters in Catholic West BelfastPOST SCRIPTUMBibliographyIndex

“While the structure of the book is sometimes heavy, it remains rich in insights and shows theoretical flair. It will be of interest to people who want to know how Irish revitalists navigate ethnicity in Northern Ireland. The methodology is thorough, placing the experiences of the participants in conversation with social structures. Certainly, the theoretical contributions will be of interest to scholars of nationalism and ethnicity.” · Canadian Journal of Irish Studies“This book will be of interest to linguistic anthropologists, cultural anthropologists, as well as sociologists, political scientists, and historians of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It will also be valuable to those interested in cultural identity formation within politically charged contexts, including postcolonial contexts. It complements and extends the existing research on political identities in Northern Ireland.” · American Ethnologist“This is a thoroughly well-written, thought-provoking, and fascinating work which should appeal to ethnographers and linguistic anthropologists as well as to scholars working on language revival movements, particularly those of marginalised, minority languages. Zenker does well to contribute to debates about the politics of language and identity and to notions of place, nationhood, personhood, and autochthony… He writes with zeal and passion about a topic he is not only interested in and obviously fascinated by, but has experienced himself: learning Irish culture through learning the language.” · Anthropological Forum: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Comparative Sociology“Zenker’s prisme théorique allows him to present … individualized and collectivized autochthony as new framework for understanding Irish identity in Catholic West Belfast. In ‘making sense of it all’ in this way, and in his repudiation of ‘narrow constructivism’ …, Zenker effectively takes up the cudgels of [Richard] Jenkins … and [Thomas Hylland] Eriksen… in relocating the stuff of culture in the anthropology of ethnic identity. In short, this book is a valuable study of an important and highly politicized issue.” · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology“This is a beautifully nuanced, richly detailed ethnography of Irish-speaking, and Irish-speakers, in contemporary West Belfast. ... As an exploration of the ‘cultural stuff’, rather than group boundary maintenance, it makes an important contribution to post-Barthian ethnicity studies. ... It is one of the very best ethnographies of Belfast that I have read. Superb.” · Richard Jenkins, University of Sheffield“This is a well-researched and engaging text which sheds new light on the issues attending language revivalism in Ireland and its intersection with historic conflict in N. Ireland. The author explains his methodology clearly throughout in a way that allows theoretical issues to be integrated comfortably within the central narrative.” · Fionntán de Brún, University of Ulster

Olaf Zenker is Junior Professor at the Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Freie Universität Berlin. He received his PhD from the Martin Luther University and the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale, Germany, and obtained his habilitation from the University of Bern, Switzerland. His publications include the co-edited volume Beyond Writing Culture: Current Intersections of Epistemologies and Representational Practices (Berghahn Books, 2010).

• DedicationEpigraphList of Tables, Figures, MapsAcknowledgementsGlossaryPROLOGUEChapter 1. A Walk of Life: Entering Catholic West BelfastChapter 2. Framing the Research: Analytical Approach and MethodologyThe Analytical Framework for the Study of Ethnic Identity (and the Irish Language)On MethodologyPART I: THE IRISH LANGUAGE IN CATHOLIC WEST BELFAST Chapter 3. Fáilte isteach – Welcome InChapter 4. Becoming a GaeilgeoirRoibeárd, age 63Rónán, age 61Mairéad, age 58Micheál, age 55Dónal, age 49Fíona, age 47Pól, age 47Pádraigín, age 40Sinéad, age 33Caoimhín, age 17Preliminary observationsChapter 5. On Prophets, Godfathers, Rebels and Prostitutes:a Contemporary History of the Irish language in Catholic West BelfastEmerging structural contexts for the Irish language in the 1950s: a prehistoryProphets on the moral ‘High Meadow’: the Cumann Ċluain ÁrdFrom a hedge(d) school to Irish language industries: godfathers of the Irish languageRebels with/out a political cause: the Jailtacht and beyondProstitutes of the Irish language?ConclusionsChapter 6. ‘Our own native language’: Local Representations and Practices of the Irish languageBetween purism and pragmatism: the micro-dynamics of Irish language usageThe political hijacking of the Irish language revival: the meso-dynamics of supply and demand‘Our own native language?’ The macro-dynamics of rights activism, ethnicism and nationalismConclusionsPART II: IRISH IDENTITY IN CATHOLIC WEST BELFASTChapter 7. ‘It’s part of what we are’ – Identifying IdentityChapter 8. Becoming (Aware of) Who You Are: IrishRoibeárd, age 63Rónán, age 61Mairéad, age 58Micheál, age 55Dónal, age 49Fíona, age 47Pól, age 47Pádraigín, age 40Sinéad, age 33Caoimhín, age 17Preliminary observationsChapter 9. Casting Nets of Identity: a Contemporary History of Irishness in Catholic West Belfast‘A constant counter-narrative to the dominant narrative of the society’: emerging structural contexts for/eclosing Irishness in Northern IrelandNo games, just sports? Gaelic games and the playground of Catholic West Belfast‘If you feel like singing, do sing an Irish song’: Irish music in Catholic West BelfastKnowing how to do your sevens: dancing to the tune of Irishness in Catholic West BelfastConclusionsChapter 10. ‘Something inside so strong’: Local Representations and Practices of IrishnessWhat it takes to be IrishThe Irishness of Protestants and the politics of a classificatory anomalyAutochthony as the causal logic behind ethnicityConclusionsEPILOGUEChapter 11. ‘Trying to make sense of it all’: Identity Matters in Catholic West BelfastPOST SCRIPTUMBibliographyIndex

“While the structure of the book is sometimes heavy, it remains rich in insights and shows theoretical flair. It will be of interest to people who want to know how Irish revitalists navigate ethnicity in Northern Ireland. The methodology is thorough, placing the experiences of the participants in conversation with social structures. Certainly, the theoretical contributions will be of interest to scholars of nationalism and ethnicity.” · Canadian Journal of Irish Studies“This book will be of interest to linguistic anthropologists, cultural anthropologists, as well as sociologists, political scientists, and historians of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It will also be valuable to those interested in cultural identity formation within politically charged contexts, including postcolonial contexts. It complements and extends the existing research on political identities in Northern Ireland.” · American Ethnologist“This is a thoroughly well-written, thought-provoking, and fascinating work which should appeal to ethnographers and linguistic anthropologists as well as to scholars working on language revival movements, particularly those of marginalised, minority languages. Zenker does well to contribute to debates about the politics of language and identity and to notions of place, nationhood, personhood, and autochthony… He writes with zeal and passion about a topic he is not only interested in and obviously fascinated by, but has experienced himself: learning Irish culture through learning the language.” · Anthropological Forum: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Comparative Sociology“Zenker’s prisme théorique allows him to present … individualized and collectivized autochthony as new framework for understanding Irish identity in Catholic West Belfast. In ‘making sense of it all’ in this way, and in his repudiation of ‘narrow constructivism’ …, Zenker effectively takes up the cudgels of [Richard] Jenkins … and [Thomas Hylland] Eriksen… in relocating the stuff of culture in the anthropology of ethnic identity. In short, this book is a valuable study of an important and highly politicized issue.” · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology“This is a beautifully nuanced, richly detailed ethnography of Irish-speaking, and Irish-speakers, in contemporary West Belfast. ... As an exploration of the ‘cultural stuff’, rather than group boundary maintenance, it makes an important contribution to post-Barthian ethnicity studies. ... It is one of the very best ethnographies of Belfast that I have read. Superb.” · Richard Jenkins, University of Sheffield“This is a well-researched and engaging text which sheds new light on the issues attending language revivalism in Ireland and its intersection with historic conflict in N. Ireland. The author explains his methodology clearly throughout in a way that allows theoretical issues to be integrated comfortably within the central narrative.” · Fionntán de Brún, University of Ulster