Daniel H. Joyner is Professor of Law at the University of Alabama School of Law. He is the author of International Law and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (Oxford, 2009), and Interpreting the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (Oxford, 2011), and is the founder of the online blog Arms Control Law. He holds a J.D. from Duke University, a M.A. from the University of Georgia, and a Ph.D. from the University of Warwick.

• Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: Confrontation 1. Iran's Nuclear Program, and the Period of Confrontation from 2002 to 2015 2. Summary of Arguments 3. Has Iran Violated the NPT? 4. Was Iran in Violation of its Safeguards Obligations in 2003? What about its Failures to Timely Declare Nuclear Facilities? 5. Was Iran in Violation of its Safeguards Obligations in July 2015? And Did the IAEA Use Proper Standards in its Assessments of Iran's Compliance? 6. What were the Implications of the Actions of the U.N. Security Council? Part II: Accord 7. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, and Developments since July 2015 Index

Professor Joyner's expert analysis of the legal and policy issues concerning Iran's nuclear program provides valuable insight for policy makers and the interested public, and devoid of ideological undertones that permeate many other recent publications on the matter. Independent and realist assessments as this one are a rarity and constitute a much needed public service in the interest of international peace and security.

Daniel H. Joyner is Professor of Law at the University of Alabama School of Law. He is the author of International Law and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (Oxford, 2009), and Interpreting the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (Oxford, 2011), and is the founder of the online blog Arms Control Law. He holds a J.D. from Duke University, a M.A. from the University of Georgia, and a Ph.D. from the University of Warwick.

• Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: Confrontation 1. Iran's Nuclear Program, and the Period of Confrontation from 2002 to 2015 2. Summary of Arguments 3. Has Iran Violated the NPT? 4. Was Iran in Violation of its Safeguards Obligations in 2003? What about its Failures to Timely Declare Nuclear Facilities? 5. Was Iran in Violation of its Safeguards Obligations in July 2015? And Did the IAEA Use Proper Standards in its Assessments of Iran's Compliance? 6. What were the Implications of the Actions of the U.N. Security Council? Part II: Accord 7. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, and Developments since July 2015 Index

Professor Joyner's expert analysis of the legal and policy issues concerning Iran's nuclear program provides valuable insight for policy makers and the interested public, and devoid of ideological undertones that permeate many other recent publications on the matter. Independent and realist assessments as this one are a rarity and constitute a much needed public service in the interest of international peace and security.

Daniel H. Joyner is Professor of Law at the University of Alabama School of Law. He is the author of International Law and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (Oxford, 2009), and Interpreting the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (Oxford, 2011), and is the founder of the online blog Arms Control Law. He holds a J.D. from Duke University, a M.A. from the University of Georgia, and a Ph.D. from the University of Warwick.

• Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: Confrontation 1. Iran's Nuclear Program, and the Period of Confrontation from 2002 to 2015 2. Summary of Arguments 3. Has Iran Violated the NPT? 4. Was Iran in Violation of its Safeguards Obligations in 2003? What about its Failures to Timely Declare Nuclear Facilities? 5. Was Iran in Violation of its Safeguards Obligations in July 2015? And Did the IAEA Use Proper Standards in its Assessments of Iran's Compliance? 6. What were the Implications of the Actions of the U.N. Security Council? Part II: Accord 7. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, and Developments since July 2015 Index

Professor Joyner's expert analysis of the legal and policy issues concerning Iran's nuclear program provides valuable insight for policy makers and the interested public, and devoid of ideological undertones that permeate many other recent publications on the matter. Independent and realist assessments as this one are a rarity and constitute a much needed public service in the interest of international peace and security.