Denise Aigle is Professor Emerita at École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) and Researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR Orient & Méditerranée), France. Her previously publications include The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality (2014).

• List of mapsPrefaceAuthor’s Note List of AbbreviationsIntroduction1. Notes on the sources Official HistoriographyNon-Official HistoriographyLocal HistoriographyHistorical Geography and Biographical DictionariesHagiographical Sources2. Establishing and Governing an Empire Legal and Administrative Foundations of the Great Mongol State (1220-58)Administrative Breakdown under the Ilkhans (1258-1336)Destructive Impact of the OrduLand Status and Insecurity of Property Titles3. Competent Governance under Abu Bakr SalghurEstablishment of the Salghurids in Shiraz Abu Bakr’s Territorial Expansion in the Persian GulfAutonomy in Exchange for Allegiance to the Great Qa’anEstablishment of a New Fiscal Policy Abu Bakr, a Ruler Concerned about his Power4. Progressive Administrative Control of the Ilkhans over Fars Ineptitude of Abu Bakr’s SuccessorsTwo Capable Turko-Mongol AdministratorsInkianu: A Competent Turkish Administrator and Victim of Ordu IntriguesRigorous Administration of the Mongol Sughunchaq NoyanConsequences in Shiraz of Political Instability at the OrduThe Mongol Bulughan Resists Ahmad TegüderAbish Khatun and the Injüs in FarsReturn to Matters of Sayyid ‘Imad al-Din Abu Yu‘laBoldness of the Mongolian Princess5. Ilkhanid Policy in FarsArghun and the Crown LandsArghun’s New Divan Team: Repercussions in FarsPersistent Difficulties in Tax Collection in the Gaikhatu EraMongols and TradeGhazan’s Administration in Fars Setbacks of Malik al-Islam at the OrduDivision of Fars into Tax DistrictsThe Divan in Search of Financial ResourcesThe Return of the Tibi Merchants to the Tax FarmA Yazdi Sayyid in charge of Tax CollectionInjuids Governors of Shiraz6. Fars Amidst the Rivalries of Chupanids, Injuids and MuzaffaridsFive Miulitary Campaigns: Alliances and Counter-AlliancesFirst Campaign: Chupanid-Injuid AllianceSecond Campaign: Chupanid-Muzaffarid AllianceThirth Campaign: New Chupanid-Injuid AllianceFourth Campaing: New Chupanid-Injuid AllianceFifth Campaign: New Chupanid-Muzaffarid AllianceUncertain Political Line of Shaykh Abu Ishaq InjuCapture of Shiraz Role of Tribal Members in the Injuid and Muzaffarid ArmiesMuzaffarids and PahlavansParadox of Muzaffarid Ideology Amirs’ Campaigns in Fars7. Persian hukkam: ‘Games of the Swords’ or Corrupt Officials?Previous Instances of Economic DeclineReasons for Recurring Administrative DysfunctionsVenality of Local Officials Great Traders Caught in TurmoilConsequences of Corrupt Local AgentsChaotic Return to Traditional Sharing Zones 8. Epilogue: Other Principalities in Southern IranPrincipalities on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion Confirmation of Power in Exchange for SubmissionSupplying the Ilkhans with Troops in Exchange for PeaceConsequences of Insubordination to the IlkhansBibliographyIndex

Two decades ago, Professor Aigle published her innovative study of Mongol rule and interaction with the local notables of the Iranian region of Fars. Her ground-breaking approach launched the study of local and regional history of Mongol Iran. Now updated with 20 years of scholarship and an accessible translation into English, this work is a vital volume for the library of anyone who studies the Mongol Empire or Iranian history.

Denise Aigle is Professor Emerita at École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) and Researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR Orient & Méditerranée), France. Her previously publications include The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality (2014).

• List of mapsPrefaceAuthor’s Note List of AbbreviationsIntroduction1. Notes on the sources Official HistoriographyNon-Official HistoriographyLocal HistoriographyHistorical Geography and Biographical DictionariesHagiographical Sources2. Establishing and Governing an Empire Legal and Administrative Foundations of the Great Mongol State (1220-58)Administrative Breakdown under the Ilkhans (1258-1336)Destructive Impact of the OrduLand Status and Insecurity of Property Titles3. Competent Governance under Abu Bakr SalghurEstablishment of the Salghurids in Shiraz Abu Bakr’s Territorial Expansion in the Persian GulfAutonomy in Exchange for Allegiance to the Great Qa’anEstablishment of a New Fiscal Policy Abu Bakr, a Ruler Concerned about his Power4. Progressive Administrative Control of the Ilkhans over Fars Ineptitude of Abu Bakr’s SuccessorsTwo Capable Turko-Mongol AdministratorsInkianu: A Competent Turkish Administrator and Victim of Ordu IntriguesRigorous Administration of the Mongol Sughunchaq NoyanConsequences in Shiraz of Political Instability at the OrduThe Mongol Bulughan Resists Ahmad TegüderAbish Khatun and the Injüs in FarsReturn to Matters of Sayyid ‘Imad al-Din Abu Yu‘laBoldness of the Mongolian Princess5. Ilkhanid Policy in FarsArghun and the Crown LandsArghun’s New Divan Team: Repercussions in FarsPersistent Difficulties in Tax Collection in the Gaikhatu EraMongols and TradeGhazan’s Administration in Fars Setbacks of Malik al-Islam at the OrduDivision of Fars into Tax DistrictsThe Divan in Search of Financial ResourcesThe Return of the Tibi Merchants to the Tax FarmA Yazdi Sayyid in charge of Tax CollectionInjuids Governors of Shiraz6. Fars Amidst the Rivalries of Chupanids, Injuids and MuzaffaridsFive Miulitary Campaigns: Alliances and Counter-AlliancesFirst Campaign: Chupanid-Injuid AllianceSecond Campaign: Chupanid-Muzaffarid AllianceThirth Campaign: New Chupanid-Injuid AllianceFourth Campaing: New Chupanid-Injuid AllianceFifth Campaign: New Chupanid-Muzaffarid AllianceUncertain Political Line of Shaykh Abu Ishaq InjuCapture of Shiraz Role of Tribal Members in the Injuid and Muzaffarid ArmiesMuzaffarids and PahlavansParadox of Muzaffarid Ideology Amirs’ Campaigns in Fars7. Persian hukkam: ‘Games of the Swords’ or Corrupt Officials?Previous Instances of Economic DeclineReasons for Recurring Administrative DysfunctionsVenality of Local Officials Great Traders Caught in TurmoilConsequences of Corrupt Local AgentsChaotic Return to Traditional Sharing Zones 8. Epilogue: Other Principalities in Southern IranPrincipalities on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion Confirmation of Power in Exchange for SubmissionSupplying the Ilkhans with Troops in Exchange for PeaceConsequences of Insubordination to the IlkhansBibliographyIndex

Two decades ago, Professor Aigle published her innovative study of Mongol rule and interaction with the local notables of the Iranian region of Fars. Her ground-breaking approach launched the study of local and regional history of Mongol Iran. Now updated with 20 years of scholarship and an accessible translation into English, this work is a vital volume for the library of anyone who studies the Mongol Empire or Iranian history.

Denise Aigle is Professor Emerita at École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) and Researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR Orient & Méditerranée), France. Her previously publications include The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality (2014).

• List of mapsPrefaceAuthor’s Note List of AbbreviationsIntroduction1. Notes on the sources Official HistoriographyNon-Official HistoriographyLocal HistoriographyHistorical Geography and Biographical DictionariesHagiographical Sources2. Establishing and Governing an Empire Legal and Administrative Foundations of the Great Mongol State (1220-58)Administrative Breakdown under the Ilkhans (1258-1336)Destructive Impact of the OrduLand Status and Insecurity of Property Titles3. Competent Governance under Abu Bakr SalghurEstablishment of the Salghurids in Shiraz Abu Bakr’s Territorial Expansion in the Persian GulfAutonomy in Exchange for Allegiance to the Great Qa’anEstablishment of a New Fiscal Policy Abu Bakr, a Ruler Concerned about his Power4. Progressive Administrative Control of the Ilkhans over Fars Ineptitude of Abu Bakr’s SuccessorsTwo Capable Turko-Mongol AdministratorsInkianu: A Competent Turkish Administrator and Victim of Ordu IntriguesRigorous Administration of the Mongol Sughunchaq NoyanConsequences in Shiraz of Political Instability at the OrduThe Mongol Bulughan Resists Ahmad TegüderAbish Khatun and the Injüs in FarsReturn to Matters of Sayyid ‘Imad al-Din Abu Yu‘laBoldness of the Mongolian Princess5. Ilkhanid Policy in FarsArghun and the Crown LandsArghun’s New Divan Team: Repercussions in FarsPersistent Difficulties in Tax Collection in the Gaikhatu EraMongols and TradeGhazan’s Administration in Fars Setbacks of Malik al-Islam at the OrduDivision of Fars into Tax DistrictsThe Divan in Search of Financial ResourcesThe Return of the Tibi Merchants to the Tax FarmA Yazdi Sayyid in charge of Tax CollectionInjuids Governors of Shiraz6. Fars Amidst the Rivalries of Chupanids, Injuids and MuzaffaridsFive Miulitary Campaigns: Alliances and Counter-AlliancesFirst Campaign: Chupanid-Injuid AllianceSecond Campaign: Chupanid-Muzaffarid AllianceThirth Campaign: New Chupanid-Injuid AllianceFourth Campaing: New Chupanid-Injuid AllianceFifth Campaign: New Chupanid-Muzaffarid AllianceUncertain Political Line of Shaykh Abu Ishaq InjuCapture of Shiraz Role of Tribal Members in the Injuid and Muzaffarid ArmiesMuzaffarids and PahlavansParadox of Muzaffarid Ideology Amirs’ Campaigns in Fars7. Persian hukkam: ‘Games of the Swords’ or Corrupt Officials?Previous Instances of Economic DeclineReasons for Recurring Administrative DysfunctionsVenality of Local Officials Great Traders Caught in TurmoilConsequences of Corrupt Local AgentsChaotic Return to Traditional Sharing Zones 8. Epilogue: Other Principalities in Southern IranPrincipalities on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion Confirmation of Power in Exchange for SubmissionSupplying the Ilkhans with Troops in Exchange for PeaceConsequences of Insubordination to the IlkhansBibliographyIndex

Two decades ago, Professor Aigle published her innovative study of Mongol rule and interaction with the local notables of the Iranian region of Fars. Her ground-breaking approach launched the study of local and regional history of Mongol Iran. Now updated with 20 years of scholarship and an accessible translation into English, this work is a vital volume for the library of anyone who studies the Mongol Empire or Iranian history.