Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Reactions

Zhimin Liu, PhD, is Professor at the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), China. She has spent most of her career conducting research at ICCAS. She is the recipient of numerous scientific awards. She is an Editor-in-Chief of Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry.Yanfei Zhao, PhD, is Associate Professor at ICCAS, China. Her current research interest concentrates on the ionic liquid-promoted transformation of renewable carbon resources.

• Preface xiAcknowledgments xv1 Background and Overview 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Ionic Liquids 21.3 Structure of This Book 152 Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Transformation of Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals Under Metal-free Conditions 232.1 Synthesis of Organic Carbonates 252.2 Synthesis of N-containing Heterocycles 492.3 Reductive Transformation of CO2 602.4 Synthesis of Other Compounds 672.5 Remarks and Perspectives 703 Ionic Liquid–Mediated Reductive Transformation of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrogen 793.1 Direct Hydrogenation of CO2 803.2 N-formylation or N-methylation Reaction of Amines with CO2/H2 893.3 Hydroformylation of Olefin with CO2/H2 943.4 Hydromethylamination of Olefin with CO2/H2 and Amines 973.5 Carbonylation of Alcohol/Ethers with CO2/H2 993.6 Remarks and Perspectives 1024 Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide in Ionic Liquid–Based Electrolytes 1054.1 Fundamentals of CO2 Electroreduction 1074.2 IL-based Electrolytes for CO2 Electroreduction 1094.3 Electroreduction of CO2 to Various Chemicals in IL-based Electrolytes 1214.4 Electrotransformation of CO2 into Value-added Chemicals 1404.5 Remarks and Perspectives 1475 Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Chemical Transformation of Lignocellulose 1575.1 Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Transformation of Cellulose and Its Derivatives 1595.2 Ionic Liquid–catalyzed Transformation of Hemicellulose and Xylose to Furfural 1705.3 Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Transformation of Lignin and Its Platforms 1725.4 Remarks and Perspectives 1846 Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions 1896.1 Oxidation of Alcohols/Aldehydes 1906.2 Oxidation of Organic Sulfides and Oxidative Desulfurization 1996.3 Oxidative Cyclization of Olefins and Allylic Alcohols 2136.4 Oxidation of Amines 2186.5 Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation 2216.6 Oxidation of Other Compounds 2246.7 Remarks and Perspectives 2257 Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Water–Involved Reactions 2297.1 Dehydrative Esterification 2297.2 Dehydrative Etherification of Alcohols 2377.3 Dehydration Alkenylation 2437.4 Dehydrative Amidation 2447.5 Ionic Liquid–catalyzed Hydration Reaction 2497.6 Hydrolysis of Esters/Ethers 2607.7 Remarks and Perspectives 2648 Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Other Organic Reactions 2698.1 Alkylation Reaction 2698.2 Michael Addition Reaction 2748.3 Diels–Alder Reactions 2818.4 Markovnikov Addition 2848.5 Knoevenagel Condensation 2908.6 Aldol Condensation Reaction 2958.7 Ring-Closing C„ŸO/C„ŸO and C„ŸO/O„ŸH Bond Metathesis 2988.8 Remarks and Perspectives 3039 Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Recycling of Spent Polymers 3099.1 Degradation of Polyesters 3109.2 Degradation of Polyamides 3479.3 Upcycling of Polyolefins 3489.4 Co-upcycling of Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyester 3509.5 Remarks and Perspectives 351References 351Index 357