Invasion Ecology

Julie L. Lockwood is a Professor at Rutgers University. Her research interests include conservation biology, population biology, and biological invasions.Martha F. Hoopes is an Associate Professor at Mount Holyoke College. She has worked primarily with plants and insects on questions of spatial community dynamics and invasions.Michael P. Marchetti is the Fletcher Jones Professor of Ecology at St. Mary’s College of California.He is an aquatic ecologist who primarily studies community and landscape aspects of freshwater invaders in the western U.S.

• Preface ix 1 An Introduction to Invasion Ecology 1What are invaders and why do we care about them? 2A brief history of invasion ecology 5The wicked terminological web we weave 7The invasion process 13Summary 182 Transport Vectors and Pathways 24What’s the difference between a vector and a pathway? 25Does human-mediated dispersal differ from natural dispersal? 26Transport vectors 29Which species are transported via what vector group? 41Dynamics of transport pathways 44Summary 483 Trends in Numbers of Invaders 50Invasion rates through time 51Geographic patterns in numbers of invaders 63Summary 724 Propagules 74What are propagules? 75Donor region and propagule pressure 75Biological mechanisms 79Empirical evidence 85The hidden influence of propagule pressure 92Summary 975 Disturbance 99History and definition of disturbance 100Disturbance facilitates invasion? 104Restoration and disturbance 112Agriculture and urbanization as disturbance 115Biotic disturbance 118Summary 1276 Establishment Success: The Influence of Biotic Interactions 129Conceptual issues 130Resistance to invasion 131Facilitation of establishment 146Summary 1557 Modeling the Geographical Spread of Invasive Species 157What exactly is geographical spread? 158Why do we want to model geographical spread? 162The reaction–diffusion model 163Long-distance dispersal 170Directional dispersal 173Stratified dispersal 176Other forms of heterogeneity 182Summary 1878 Ecological Processes and the Spread of Non-native Species 189Population growth 190Dispersal 194Biotic interactions 202The role of heterogeneity 207Lag times 210Boom and bust 215Summary 2169 Ecological Impacts of Invasive Species 218Genetic impacts 219Individual impacts 222Population impacts 228Community impacts 233Ecosystem impacts 240Landscape, regional, and global impacts 242Summary 24410 Impact Synthesis 246Perception and recognition of impact 247Integrating perception with ecological determinants of impact 255A theory of impact? 258Finding common currencies 263A cross-stage impact formula 273Summary 27511 Evolution of Invaders 277Founding process 279Losses and gains in genetic variability via transport mechanisms 279Genetics and post-release success 288Local adaptation and life-history evolution 291Evolution of native species in response to non-natives 296Summary 29812 Predicting and Preventing Invasion 299Explanation versus risk assessment 301Inherent limitations to prediction 301Risk analysis 303Screening risky species 304Screening risky transportation vectors 317Summary 33313 Eradication and Control of Invaders 335Cause for optimism? 336Rapid response 337Lazarus effect 343Long-term control 346Sisyphus effect 350Summary 35414 Global Climate Change and Invasive Species 356Global climate change 101 357Non-native species and global climate change 364Transport 365Establishment 368Spread 373Impact 379Human responses 387Summary 391References 393Index 428A colour plate section falls between pages 372 and 373

“Summing Up: Highly recommended.  Lower-division undergraduates through graduate students, researchers/faculty, land managers, policy makers, and interested general readers.”  (Choice, 1 February 2014)“Young scientists starting out in this field who read this book will not only gain an appreciation of our current state of knowledge, but, perhaps more importantly, will also learn where our knowledge is limited and what research questions are prime for tackling.”  (Biological Conservation, 1 January 2014)“This is certainly by far still the best introduction to this important topic around, and those that bought the first edition should snap this one up also for the increased topicality. The work is also available in various electronic formats, which should further encourage its take-up by the current student generation.”  (Biodivers Conserv, 1 September 2013)“Overall, I can fully recommend this book. As the 1st edition, this 2nd edition will be valuable for students, researchers, managers, and anybody else interested in bio- logical invasions. It reads very well and is technically well done; I spotted only few typos. The companion website (www.wiley.com/go/invasionecology) with down- loadable versions of the book’s figures and tables is also very useful.”  (Basic and Applied Ecology, 1 October 2013)