Introduction to 5G

Christopher Cox, PhD, is Director of Chris Cox Communications Ltd, UK. He is a professional technical trainer and consultant in mobile telecommunications, and an expert in 5G, 4G and 3G communication technologies. He draws on this expertise in delivering technical training and intellectual property consultancy for clients drawn from network operators and equipment manufacturers worldwide.

• Preface xxiiiAcknowledgements xxvList of Abbreviations xxvii1 Introduction 11.1 Architecture of a Mobile Telecommunication System 11.2 History of Mobile Telecommunications 51.3 Technologies for 5G 91.4 The 3GPP 5G System 131.5 Enhanced Mobile Broadband 191.6 Massive Machine-type Communications 211.7 Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communication 23References 242 Architecture of the Core Network 292.1 The Evolved Packet Core 292.2 The 5G Core Network 312.3 Network Areas and Identities 362.4 State Diagrams 382.5 Network Slicing 392.6 Non-3GPP Access to the 5G Core 422.7 Signalling Protocols 432.8 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol 452.9 Example Network Function Services 48References 523 Architecture of the Radio Access Network 573.1 The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network 573.2 The Next-generation Node B 603.3 Architectural Options 623.4 Network Areas and Identities 663.5 RRC State Diagram 673.6 Signalling Protocols 693.7 Open Radio Access Networks 71References 734 Spectrum, Antennas and Propagation 774.1 Radio Spectrum 774.2 Antennas and Propagation 794.3 Radio Propagation Issues for Millimetre Waves 824.4 Multipath, Fading and Coherence 86References 905 Digital Signal Processing 935.1 Modulation and Demodulation 935.2 Radio Transmission in a Mobile Cellular Network 995.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 1005.4 Other Features of OFDMA 1075.5 Signal-processing Issues for 5G 1115.6 Error Management 112References 1166 Multiple-antenna Techniques 1176.1 Beamforming 1176.2 Beamforming at the gNB 1206.3 Beamforming at the Mobile 1266.4 Beam Management 1276.5 Spatial Multiplexing 1306.6 Multiple-user MIMO 1336.7 Massive MIMO 1376.8 Single-user MIMO 1396.9 Multipoint Transmission and Reception 143References 1447 Architecture of the 5G New Radio 1457.1 Air Interface Protocol Stack 1457.2 Frequency Bands and Combinations 1527.3 Frequency Domain Structure 1567.4 Time Domain Structure 1617.5 Multiple Antennas 1667.6 Data Transmission 167References 1718 Cell Acquisition 1758.1 Acquisition Procedure 1758.2 Resource Mapping 1778.3 Acquisition of the SS/PBCH Block 1808.4 System Information 181References 1849 Random Access 1879.1 Physical Random Access Channel 1879.2 Random Access Procedure 1909.3 Variations on the Random Access Procedure 193References 19410 Link Adaptation 19710.1 CSI Reference Signals 19710.2 Channel State Information 20110.3 Physical Uplink Control Channel 20510.4 Sounding 208References 21011 Data Transmission and Reception 21311.1 Introduction 21311.2 Transmission and Reception of the PDCCH 21611.3 Scheduling Messages 21911.4 Transmission and Reception of the PUSCH and PDSCH 22311.5 Reference Signals 22611.6 Hybrid ARQ Acknowledgements 22811.7 Related Procedures 23011.8 Performance of 5G 234References 23812 Air Interface Layer 2 24112.1 Medium Access Control 24112.2 Radio Link Control 24512.3 Packet Data Convergence Protocol 24912.4 Service Data Adaptation Protocol 251References 25213 Registration Procedures 25313.1 Power-on Sequence 25313.2 Network and Cell Selection 25413.3 RRC Connection Establishment 25613.4 Registration Procedure 25813.5 Deregistration Procedure 263References 26414 Security 26714.1 Security Principles 26714.2 Network Access Security 26814.3 Network Access Security Procedures 27014.4 Network Domain Security 27614.5 Service-based Architecture Domain Security 278References 28015 Session Management, Policy and Charging 28315.1 Types of PDU Session 28315.2 Quality of Service 28515.3 Implementation of PDU Sessions 29015.4 Policy and Charging Control Architecture 29515.5 PDU Session Management Procedures 298References 30516 Mobility Management in RRC_CONNECTED 30916.1 Introduction to RRC_CONNECTED 30916.2 Measurement Configuration and Reporting 31016.3 Handover Procedures 31516.4 Dual Connectivity Procedures 32016.5 State Transitions out of RRC_CONNECTED 323References 32617 Mobility Management in RRC_IDLE 32917.1 Introduction to RRC_IDLE 32917.2 Cell Reselection Procedures 33017.3 Registration Updating 33317.4 State Transitions out of RRC_IDLE 335References 33818 Mobility Management in RRC_INACTIVE 33918.1 Introduction to RRC_INACTIVE 33918.2 Mobility Management 34118.3 State Transitions 34318.4 Small Data Transmission in RRC_INACTIVE 347References 34719 Inter-operation with the Evolved Packet Core 34919.1 Inter-operation Architectures 34919.2 Registration Modes 35319.3 Use of the Migration Architecture 35319.4 Interworking Without N 26 35619.5 Interworking with N 26 357References 36120 Foundations of 5G-Advanced 36320.1 Location Services 36320.2 Integrated Access and Backhaul 36620.3 Use of Unlicensed Spectrum 37120.4 Multicast and Broadcast Services 37620.5 Non-terrestrial Networks 38020.6 Network Automation, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 38520.7 Service Enabler Architecture Layer 388References 38921 The Internet of Things 39521.1 Time-sensitive Communications 39521.2 Non-public Networks 40021.3 5G Virtual Networks 40221.4 Edge Computing 40421.5 Massive Machine-type Communications 41021.6 Messaging Services 412References 41422 Vehicle Communications and the Sidelink 41722.1 Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications 41722.2 Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles 42322.3 Proximity-based Services 42522.4 Architecture of the Sidelink 43022.5 Sidelink Timing Synchronization 43522.6 Sidelink Transmission and Reception 43722.7 Access Stratum Procedures for the Sidelink 44222.8 Operation of Sidelink Communication 44422.9 Operation of ProSe Direct Discovery 447References 44823 From 5G-Advanced to 6G 45323.1 Release 19 45323.2 6g 456References 461Further Reading 465Index 469