Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Hemifacial Spasm

This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide tointraoperativeneurophysiologicalmonitoringinpatients withhemifacialspasm, one of the very few neuromuscular disorders that can be treated surgically. It covers various aspectsincluding brainstem auditory evoked potentials, lateral spread response, free-running EMG and prognosis, andintraoperativehearing loss patterns. Inparticular, we present detailed explanations and realistic pictures of various and subtle changesinthe waveform of brainstem auditory evoked potentials and postoperative hearing. Inaddition, detailed explanations and actual photos are provided for various cases, such as when the amplitude of the lateral spread response is slightly smaller during surgery, when it is lost and then measured again, or when the surgery is terminated without disappearing. The various situations that may occur during surgery are fully covered, and the causes of and solutions to particular challenges are clearly described. Inaddition, the results of each test and their association with the postoperative prognosis are explainedindetail. The authors have vast experience and recognized expertiseinthe performance of microvascular decompression surgery andintraoperativeneuromonitoring. The book draws on their practical knowledge and many scientific contributions to offer the very latestinsightsinto the management ofhemifacialspasm. It will be an excellent guide for young neurosurgeons, neurological monitoring technologists, and neurologicalinterpreters.