Anne Wichmann is a Reader in Speech and Language at the University of Central Lancashire.

• Author's acknowledgementsPublisher's acknowledgementsIntroductionCHAPTER ONE:CHAPTER TWO:Analysing spoken discourse1.1 A historical perspective1.2 Prosodic resources1.2.1 Intonation1.2.2 Models of intonation1.2.2.1 Pitch1.2.2.2 Phrasing 121.2.2.3 Phonetic realisation ofphonological categories 121.2.3 Instrumental and auditory analysis 121.3 Modelling spoken discourse 131.3.1 Models of text and discourse structure 151.3.1.1 Propositional models 151.3.1.2 Cognitive models 161.3.1.3 Formal models 171.3.2 Modelling conversational interaction 181.4 Speaking styles 191.4.1 Reading 201.4.2 Unscripted speech 211.4.3 Other speaking styles 211.4.4 Conclusion 221.5 Summary 22Beginnings2.1 Paragraph intonation in oral reading:4 case studies2425v CONTENTS2.1.1 Case 1: A news summary 252.1.2 Case 2: A news report 272.1.3 Case 3: A short story 282.1.3.1 Topics or paragraphs? 302.1.3.2 Spoken vs. written paragraphs 302.1.4 Case 4: Children's oral reading 332.2 Titles, headlines and openers: the 'citationcontour' as a topic marker 352.2.1 Topic marking in read speech 362.2.2 Topic marking in spontaneous speech 382.3 Phonetic issues surrounding initiality 412.3.1 How high is high? 412.3.1.1 Relative pitch height 412.3.1.2 Individual pitch preferences 422.3.2 The role of timing 432.3.2.1 Segmental and prosodicfactors affecting peak timing 442.3.2.2 The effect of discourse onpeak timing 442.3.2.3 Theoretical implications:association vs. alignment 452.4 Summary 46CHAPTER THREE: Ends 493.1 Coming to the end: evidence from the SEC 503.1.1 Falling tones 503.1.2 Early closure 503.1.2.1 Utterance-final rises 503.1.2.2 Utterance-internal falls 513.2 What kind of falling tones are there? 533.2.1 High and low falls 533.2.2 Tails and endpoi

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Anne Wichmann is a Reader in Speech and Language at the University of Central Lancashire.

• Author's acknowledgementsPublisher's acknowledgementsIntroductionCHAPTER ONE:CHAPTER TWO:Analysing spoken discourse1.1 A historical perspective1.2 Prosodic resources1.2.1 Intonation1.2.2 Models of intonation1.2.2.1 Pitch1.2.2.2 Phrasing 121.2.2.3 Phonetic realisation ofphonological categories 121.2.3 Instrumental and auditory analysis 121.3 Modelling spoken discourse 131.3.1 Models of text and discourse structure 151.3.1.1 Propositional models 151.3.1.2 Cognitive models 161.3.1.3 Formal models 171.3.2 Modelling conversational interaction 181.4 Speaking styles 191.4.1 Reading 201.4.2 Unscripted speech 211.4.3 Other speaking styles 211.4.4 Conclusion 221.5 Summary 22Beginnings2.1 Paragraph intonation in oral reading:4 case studies2425v CONTENTS2.1.1 Case 1: A news summary 252.1.2 Case 2: A news report 272.1.3 Case 3: A short story 282.1.3.1 Topics or paragraphs? 302.1.3.2 Spoken vs. written paragraphs 302.1.4 Case 4: Children's oral reading 332.2 Titles, headlines and openers: the 'citationcontour' as a topic marker 352.2.1 Topic marking in read speech 362.2.2 Topic marking in spontaneous speech 382.3 Phonetic issues surrounding initiality 412.3.1 How high is high? 412.3.1.1 Relative pitch height 412.3.1.2 Individual pitch preferences 422.3.2 The role of timing 432.3.2.1 Segmental and prosodicfactors affecting peak timing 442.3.2.2 The effect of discourse onpeak timing 442.3.2.3 Theoretical implications:association vs. alignment 452.4 Summary 46CHAPTER THREE: Ends 493.1 Coming to the end: evidence from the SEC 503.1.1 Falling tones 503.1.2 Early closure 503.1.2.1 Utterance-final rises 503.1.2.2 Utterance-internal falls 513.2 What kind of falling tones are there? 533.2.1 High and low falls 533.2.2 Tails and endpoi

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Anne Wichmann is a Reader in Speech and Language at the University of Central Lancashire.

• Author's acknowledgementsPublisher's acknowledgementsIntroductionCHAPTER ONE:CHAPTER TWO:Analysing spoken discourse1.1 A historical perspective1.2 Prosodic resources1.2.1 Intonation1.2.2 Models of intonation1.2.2.1 Pitch1.2.2.2 Phrasing 121.2.2.3 Phonetic realisation ofphonological categories 121.2.3 Instrumental and auditory analysis 121.3 Modelling spoken discourse 131.3.1 Models of text and discourse structure 151.3.1.1 Propositional models 151.3.1.2 Cognitive models 161.3.1.3 Formal models 171.3.2 Modelling conversational interaction 181.4 Speaking styles 191.4.1 Reading 201.4.2 Unscripted speech 211.4.3 Other speaking styles 211.4.4 Conclusion 221.5 Summary 22Beginnings2.1 Paragraph intonation in oral reading:4 case studies2425v CONTENTS2.1.1 Case 1: A news summary 252.1.2 Case 2: A news report 272.1.3 Case 3: A short story 282.1.3.1 Topics or paragraphs? 302.1.3.2 Spoken vs. written paragraphs 302.1.4 Case 4: Children's oral reading 332.2 Titles, headlines and openers: the 'citationcontour' as a topic marker 352.2.1 Topic marking in read speech 362.2.2 Topic marking in spontaneous speech 382.3 Phonetic issues surrounding initiality 412.3.1 How high is high? 412.3.1.1 Relative pitch height 412.3.1.2 Individual pitch preferences 422.3.2 The role of timing 432.3.2.1 Segmental and prosodicfactors affecting peak timing 442.3.2.2 The effect of discourse onpeak timing 442.3.2.3 Theoretical implications:association vs. alignment 452.4 Summary 46CHAPTER THREE: Ends 493.1 Coming to the end: evidence from the SEC 503.1.1 Falling tones 503.1.2 Early closure 503.1.2.1 Utterance-final rises 503.1.2.2 Utterance-internal falls 513.2 What kind of falling tones are there? 533.2.1 High and low falls 533.2.2 Tails and endpoi

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