EMMANUEL REYNAUD is a researcher in Paris, where he works on international comparisons of retirement systems. He is the French reporter for the European Commission's observatory on Complementary Social Security Schemes, and is a member of the committee of experts of the French Observatoire des retraites. He is the author of the OECD country report on private pensions in France and of a book in French on the retirement systems of the United States, Germany, and the United Kindgom.LUCY apROBERTS is a researcher on the economics of social welfare at the Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES) in Paris. Her work focuses on the links between state-run social insurance and occupational benefit plans in the United States and France. She is coauthor, with Emmanuel Reynaud, of Les Systemes de Retraite a L'Etranger.BRYN DAVIES is an actuary in the United Kindgom. He provides advice to trade unions on supplementary pension plans. He is the author of a recent report from the Institute of Public Policy Research entitled Better Pensions for All.GERARD HUGHES is an economist at the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin. He has acted as a consultant to the OECD on pensions and labor market issues and is the author of the OECD country report on private pensions in Ireland.

• Acknowledgments Tables Preface: Lucy apRoberts and Emmanuel Reynaud Actors and Decision Making Introduction by Emmanuel Reynaud Supplementary Pensions in the Federal Republic of Germany by Winfried SchMAhl and Stefan Bohm Supplementary Pensions in the Netherlands by Erik Lutjens Supplementary Pensions in Greece by Helene Petridou Supplementary Pensions in Spain: The Impact of the 1987 Law by Luis J. Ruano Ruano The Origins of French Supplementary Pension Plans by Bernard Friot Trade Union Involvement in Supplementary Pensions by Bryn Davies Reforms and Systems Dynamics Introduction by Gerard Hughes Financing Models for Pay-as-You-Go Systems by Emmanuel Reynaud Risk Bearing in Pension Plans by John A. Turner The Many Faces of American Union Pension Plans by Teresa Ghilarducci Retirement System Reform: Is Italy Moving Toward a Minimal Welfare State? by Ugo Ascoli The Development of Supplementary Pensions in Denmark by Finn Ostrup Retirement and Growing Old: Which Model of Protection? by Bernard Delhausse, Sergio Perelman, and Pierre Pestieau The Labor Market Introduction by Bryn Davies Pension Plans and U.S. Labor Market Theories by Lucy apRoberts Pension Plans and Labor Market Structure: Evidence from Ireland by Gerard Hughes and Brian Nolan Labor Mobility and Supplementary Pensions by Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer Financing The Economy Introduction by Lucy apRoberts The Behavior of British and U.S. Pension Fund Financial Managers by Dorothee Rivaud-Danset Pension Funds as Shareholders by Jim Stewart Pension Funds in the United Kingdom: Centralization and Control by Richard Minns and Ron Martin Selected References Index

EMMANUEL REYNAUD is a researcher in Paris, where he works on international comparisons of retirement systems. He is the French reporter for the European Commission's observatory on Complementary Social Security Schemes, and is a member of the committee of experts of the French Observatoire des retraites. He is the author of the OECD country report on private pensions in France and of a book in French on the retirement systems of the United States, Germany, and the United Kindgom.LUCY apROBERTS is a researcher on the economics of social welfare at the Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES) in Paris. Her work focuses on the links between state-run social insurance and occupational benefit plans in the United States and France. She is coauthor, with Emmanuel Reynaud, of Les Systemes de Retraite a L'Etranger.BRYN DAVIES is an actuary in the United Kindgom. He provides advice to trade unions on supplementary pension plans. He is the author of a recent report from the Institute of Public Policy Research entitled Better Pensions for All.GERARD HUGHES is an economist at the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin. He has acted as a consultant to the OECD on pensions and labor market issues and is the author of the OECD country report on private pensions in Ireland.

• Acknowledgments Tables Preface: Lucy apRoberts and Emmanuel Reynaud Actors and Decision Making Introduction by Emmanuel Reynaud Supplementary Pensions in the Federal Republic of Germany by Winfried SchMAhl and Stefan Bohm Supplementary Pensions in the Netherlands by Erik Lutjens Supplementary Pensions in Greece by Helene Petridou Supplementary Pensions in Spain: The Impact of the 1987 Law by Luis J. Ruano Ruano The Origins of French Supplementary Pension Plans by Bernard Friot Trade Union Involvement in Supplementary Pensions by Bryn Davies Reforms and Systems Dynamics Introduction by Gerard Hughes Financing Models for Pay-as-You-Go Systems by Emmanuel Reynaud Risk Bearing in Pension Plans by John A. Turner The Many Faces of American Union Pension Plans by Teresa Ghilarducci Retirement System Reform: Is Italy Moving Toward a Minimal Welfare State? by Ugo Ascoli The Development of Supplementary Pensions in Denmark by Finn Ostrup Retirement and Growing Old: Which Model of Protection? by Bernard Delhausse, Sergio Perelman, and Pierre Pestieau The Labor Market Introduction by Bryn Davies Pension Plans and U.S. Labor Market Theories by Lucy apRoberts Pension Plans and Labor Market Structure: Evidence from Ireland by Gerard Hughes and Brian Nolan Labor Mobility and Supplementary Pensions by Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer Financing The Economy Introduction by Lucy apRoberts The Behavior of British and U.S. Pension Fund Financial Managers by Dorothee Rivaud-Danset Pension Funds as Shareholders by Jim Stewart Pension Funds in the United Kingdom: Centralization and Control by Richard Minns and Ron Martin Selected References Index

EMMANUEL REYNAUD is a researcher in Paris, where he works on international comparisons of retirement systems. He is the French reporter for the European Commission's observatory on Complementary Social Security Schemes, and is a member of the committee of experts of the French Observatoire des retraites. He is the author of the OECD country report on private pensions in France and of a book in French on the retirement systems of the United States, Germany, and the United Kindgom.LUCY apROBERTS is a researcher on the economics of social welfare at the Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES) in Paris. Her work focuses on the links between state-run social insurance and occupational benefit plans in the United States and France. She is coauthor, with Emmanuel Reynaud, of Les Systemes de Retraite a L'Etranger.BRYN DAVIES is an actuary in the United Kindgom. He provides advice to trade unions on supplementary pension plans. He is the author of a recent report from the Institute of Public Policy Research entitled Better Pensions for All.GERARD HUGHES is an economist at the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin. He has acted as a consultant to the OECD on pensions and labor market issues and is the author of the OECD country report on private pensions in Ireland.

• Acknowledgments Tables Preface: Lucy apRoberts and Emmanuel Reynaud Actors and Decision Making Introduction by Emmanuel Reynaud Supplementary Pensions in the Federal Republic of Germany by Winfried SchMAhl and Stefan Bohm Supplementary Pensions in the Netherlands by Erik Lutjens Supplementary Pensions in Greece by Helene Petridou Supplementary Pensions in Spain: The Impact of the 1987 Law by Luis J. Ruano Ruano The Origins of French Supplementary Pension Plans by Bernard Friot Trade Union Involvement in Supplementary Pensions by Bryn Davies Reforms and Systems Dynamics Introduction by Gerard Hughes Financing Models for Pay-as-You-Go Systems by Emmanuel Reynaud Risk Bearing in Pension Plans by John A. Turner The Many Faces of American Union Pension Plans by Teresa Ghilarducci Retirement System Reform: Is Italy Moving Toward a Minimal Welfare State? by Ugo Ascoli The Development of Supplementary Pensions in Denmark by Finn Ostrup Retirement and Growing Old: Which Model of Protection? by Bernard Delhausse, Sergio Perelman, and Pierre Pestieau The Labor Market Introduction by Bryn Davies Pension Plans and U.S. Labor Market Theories by Lucy apRoberts Pension Plans and Labor Market Structure: Evidence from Ireland by Gerard Hughes and Brian Nolan Labor Mobility and Supplementary Pensions by Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer Financing The Economy Introduction by Lucy apRoberts The Behavior of British and U.S. Pension Fund Financial Managers by Dorothee Rivaud-Danset Pension Funds as Shareholders by Jim Stewart Pension Funds in the United Kingdom: Centralization and Control by Richard Minns and Ron Martin Selected References Index