James Kraska, LL.M. (2005), S.J.D. (2009), University of Virginia School of Law, is Howard S. Levie Professor in the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College, and author of Maritime Power and Law of the Sea (Oxford, 2011).Raul Pedrozo, LL.M. (1993), Georgetown University Law Center, is a Non-resident Research Fellow in the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College and a Deputy General for the Department of Defense.

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Maritime Security Law1.1. Introduction1.2 What is Maritime Security Law?1.3 Building a Public Order of the Oceans1.4 ConclusionChapter 2: American Maritime Security Policy and Strategy2.1 Introduction2.2 U.S. Maritime Security Policy2.3 National Strategy for Maritime Security2.4 National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security2.5 U.S. Maritime Strategy for Homeland Security2.6 Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Sea PowerChapter 3: European Maritime Strategy and Policy3.I North Atlantic Treaty Organization3.2 European Union3.3 Chiefs of European Navies Maritime Operational Concept3.4 U.K. Future Maritime Operational ConceptChapter 4: Peacetime Zones and Control Measures4.I Temporary Suspension of Innocent Passage4.2 Offshore Installation Safety Zones4.3 World-Wide Navigational Warning Service4.4 Aeronautical Information ServicesChapter 5: Marine Environmental Protection and Control Measures5.1 The Marine Environment5.2 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas5.3 Ships’ Routeing, Vessel Traffic Services, and Ships’ Reporting5.4 Mandatory Ship Reporting (United States)5.5 Marine MammalsChapter 6: U.S. Safety and Security Zones and Airspace Control Measures6.1 Introduction to U.S. Zones6.2 Jurisdiction over the Navigable Waters of the United States6.3 Safety Zones6.4 Security ZonesChapter 7: Sea Power, Grand Strategy, and Freedom of the Seas 7.1 Seapower and Grand Strategy7.2 U.S. Freedom of Navigation ProgramAnnex 1: National Security Decision Directive 20 (1982)Annex 2: National Security Decision Directive 265 (1987)Annex 3: National Security Directive 49 (1990)Annex 4: Presidential Decision Directive 32 (1995)Annex 5: U.S. Freedom of Navigation Challenges 1995-2003Chapter 8: Freedom of Navigation in the Law of the Sea8.1 Baselines8.2 Internal Waters8.3 Territorial Sea8.4 Straits Used for International Navigation8.5 Contiguous Zone8.6 Exclusive Economic Zone8.7 Continental Shelf8.8 High SeasChapter 9: Excessive Maritime Claims: Territorial Seas, Straits, and Archipelagos9.1 Introduction9.2 Illegal Straight Baselines9.2.1 Libya’s “Line of Death” in the Gulf of Sirte9.3 Excessive Claims over the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone9.4 Excessive Claims over Straits Used for International Navigation9.5 Excessive Claims over Archipelagic Sea LanesChapter 10: Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone10.1 Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone10.2 China’s Oceans Law and the EEZ10.3 North Korea’s Military Zone10.4 Military Activities in the EEZChapter 11: Flashpoint: South China Sea11.1 The Political Seascape and Regional Stability11.2 American Security Relationships and the South China SeaChapter 12: Securing the Marine Transportation System12.1 Threats to International Ship and Port Facility Security12.2 The Law of the Sea and the IMO12.3 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction12.4 The ISPS Code12.5 Maritime Domain AwarenessChapter 13: Port and Port Facility Security13.1 Ports in the Global Transportation System13.2 Port State Control13.3 Port Facility Security13.4 Port State Control Certifications and Documents13.5 Questionnaire for Designated Authorities13.6 Security Checklist for Port Facility OperatorsChapter 14: Ship and Ship Operator Security14.1 Shipping Company Responsibilities14.2 Checklist for Shipping Companies14.3 Ship Security14.4 Checklist for Ship Security Personnel14.5 Yachts and other Non-SOLAS vesselsChapter 15: Global Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking15.1. International Law and the Trade in Illegal Drugs15.2 The Multilateral Treaty Framework15.3 International Maritime Organization15.4 UN Basic Principles on the Use of ForceChapter 16: Regional Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking16.1. Regional Cooperation in Countering Maritime Drug Trafficking16.2 Caribbean Regional Maritime Agreement16.3 Caribbean Basin Security Initiative16.4 Organization of American States Model Operating Procedure16.5 The Paris Pact Initiative16.6 Republic of the Philippines National Coast Watch System16.7 Mérida Initiative16.8 The Central America Regional Security InitiativeChapter 17: U.S. Maritime Counterdrug Law17.1 Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act17.2 Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act17.3 Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act17.4 U. S. Coast Guard Authorities17.5 Department of Defense Legal AuthoritiesChapter 18: U.S. International Maritime Counterdrug Policy18.1 The U.S. Policy and Operational Framework18.2 U.S. Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Instruments18.3 Conclusion18.4 U.S. Maritime Law Enforcement InstrumentsChapter 19: Migrant Smuggling at Sea19.1 Transnational Threat of Irregular Migration19.2 Law of the Sea Convention19.3 Transnational Organized Crime Convention19.4 Migrant Smuggling Protocol19.5 IMO Initiatives19.6 Duty to Assist19.7 Salvage Conventions19.8 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea19.9 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue19.10 Refugee Convention19.11 The U.S. Experience in Law and Practice19.12 ConclusionChapter 20: Maritime Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea20.1 The Historical Roots of the Law of Piracy20.2 Contemporary Law of Maritime Piracy20.3 Counter-piracy OperationsChapter 21: Maritime Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction at Sea21.1 Prevalence of Maritime Terrorism21.2 Non Proliferation Treaty21.3 Coastal State and Flag State Jurisdiction21.4 Cases on the Use of Force in Shipboarding21.5 UN Security Council21.6 Proliferation Security Initiative21.7 Can the NPT Survive? Chapter 22: Commentary on the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation22.1 Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA) 22.2 2005 Convention22.3 2005 Protocol (Safety of Fixed Platforms) Chapter 23: Irregular Naval Warfare and Blockade23.1 Irregular Naval Warfare23.2 Quarantine23.3 Cordon Sanitaire23.4 Neutrality and Maritime Blockade23.5 Blockade in Non-International Armed ConflictChapter 24: Security Council Maritime Enforcement24.1 Rhodesia Sanctions and the Beira Patrol (1965)24.2 The Maritime Blockade of Iraq (1990-91)24.3 Former Republic of Yugoslavia Armaments Embargo (1991-96)24.4 Haiti Sanctions (1994)24.5 Libya Embargo (2011)Index

"The book is a major reference work not only for lawyers, but for anyone with an interest in maritime security. Without doubt, this will be a main resource for the discussion of all legal aspects of maritime security for years to come."- Christian Bueger, Cardiff University

James Kraska, LL.M. (2005), S.J.D. (2009), University of Virginia School of Law, is Howard S. Levie Professor in the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College, and author of Maritime Power and Law of the Sea (Oxford, 2011).Raul Pedrozo, LL.M. (1993), Georgetown University Law Center, is a Non-resident Research Fellow in the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College and a Deputy General for the Department of Defense.

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Maritime Security Law1.1. Introduction1.2 What is Maritime Security Law?1.3 Building a Public Order of the Oceans1.4 ConclusionChapter 2: American Maritime Security Policy and Strategy2.1 Introduction2.2 U.S. Maritime Security Policy2.3 National Strategy for Maritime Security2.4 National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security2.5 U.S. Maritime Strategy for Homeland Security2.6 Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Sea PowerChapter 3: European Maritime Strategy and Policy3.I North Atlantic Treaty Organization3.2 European Union3.3 Chiefs of European Navies Maritime Operational Concept3.4 U.K. Future Maritime Operational ConceptChapter 4: Peacetime Zones and Control Measures4.I Temporary Suspension of Innocent Passage4.2 Offshore Installation Safety Zones4.3 World-Wide Navigational Warning Service4.4 Aeronautical Information ServicesChapter 5: Marine Environmental Protection and Control Measures5.1 The Marine Environment5.2 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas5.3 Ships’ Routeing, Vessel Traffic Services, and Ships’ Reporting5.4 Mandatory Ship Reporting (United States)5.5 Marine MammalsChapter 6: U.S. Safety and Security Zones and Airspace Control Measures6.1 Introduction to U.S. Zones6.2 Jurisdiction over the Navigable Waters of the United States6.3 Safety Zones6.4 Security ZonesChapter 7: Sea Power, Grand Strategy, and Freedom of the Seas 7.1 Seapower and Grand Strategy7.2 U.S. Freedom of Navigation ProgramAnnex 1: National Security Decision Directive 20 (1982)Annex 2: National Security Decision Directive 265 (1987)Annex 3: National Security Directive 49 (1990)Annex 4: Presidential Decision Directive 32 (1995)Annex 5: U.S. Freedom of Navigation Challenges 1995-2003Chapter 8: Freedom of Navigation in the Law of the Sea8.1 Baselines8.2 Internal Waters8.3 Territorial Sea8.4 Straits Used for International Navigation8.5 Contiguous Zone8.6 Exclusive Economic Zone8.7 Continental Shelf8.8 High SeasChapter 9: Excessive Maritime Claims: Territorial Seas, Straits, and Archipelagos9.1 Introduction9.2 Illegal Straight Baselines9.2.1 Libya’s “Line of Death” in the Gulf of Sirte9.3 Excessive Claims over the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone9.4 Excessive Claims over Straits Used for International Navigation9.5 Excessive Claims over Archipelagic Sea LanesChapter 10: Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone10.1 Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone10.2 China’s Oceans Law and the EEZ10.3 North Korea’s Military Zone10.4 Military Activities in the EEZChapter 11: Flashpoint: South China Sea11.1 The Political Seascape and Regional Stability11.2 American Security Relationships and the South China SeaChapter 12: Securing the Marine Transportation System12.1 Threats to International Ship and Port Facility Security12.2 The Law of the Sea and the IMO12.3 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction12.4 The ISPS Code12.5 Maritime Domain AwarenessChapter 13: Port and Port Facility Security13.1 Ports in the Global Transportation System13.2 Port State Control13.3 Port Facility Security13.4 Port State Control Certifications and Documents13.5 Questionnaire for Designated Authorities13.6 Security Checklist for Port Facility OperatorsChapter 14: Ship and Ship Operator Security14.1 Shipping Company Responsibilities14.2 Checklist for Shipping Companies14.3 Ship Security14.4 Checklist for Ship Security Personnel14.5 Yachts and other Non-SOLAS vesselsChapter 15: Global Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking15.1. International Law and the Trade in Illegal Drugs15.2 The Multilateral Treaty Framework15.3 International Maritime Organization15.4 UN Basic Principles on the Use of ForceChapter 16: Regional Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking16.1. Regional Cooperation in Countering Maritime Drug Trafficking16.2 Caribbean Regional Maritime Agreement16.3 Caribbean Basin Security Initiative16.4 Organization of American States Model Operating Procedure16.5 The Paris Pact Initiative16.6 Republic of the Philippines National Coast Watch System16.7 Mérida Initiative16.8 The Central America Regional Security InitiativeChapter 17: U.S. Maritime Counterdrug Law17.1 Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act17.2 Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act17.3 Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act17.4 U. S. Coast Guard Authorities17.5 Department of Defense Legal AuthoritiesChapter 18: U.S. International Maritime Counterdrug Policy18.1 The U.S. Policy and Operational Framework18.2 U.S. Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Instruments18.3 Conclusion18.4 U.S. Maritime Law Enforcement InstrumentsChapter 19: Migrant Smuggling at Sea19.1 Transnational Threat of Irregular Migration19.2 Law of the Sea Convention19.3 Transnational Organized Crime Convention19.4 Migrant Smuggling Protocol19.5 IMO Initiatives19.6 Duty to Assist19.7 Salvage Conventions19.8 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea19.9 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue19.10 Refugee Convention19.11 The U.S. Experience in Law and Practice19.12 ConclusionChapter 20: Maritime Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea20.1 The Historical Roots of the Law of Piracy20.2 Contemporary Law of Maritime Piracy20.3 Counter-piracy OperationsChapter 21: Maritime Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction at Sea21.1 Prevalence of Maritime Terrorism21.2 Non Proliferation Treaty21.3 Coastal State and Flag State Jurisdiction21.4 Cases on the Use of Force in Shipboarding21.5 UN Security Council21.6 Proliferation Security Initiative21.7 Can the NPT Survive? Chapter 22: Commentary on the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation22.1 Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA) 22.2 2005 Convention22.3 2005 Protocol (Safety of Fixed Platforms) Chapter 23: Irregular Naval Warfare and Blockade23.1 Irregular Naval Warfare23.2 Quarantine23.3 Cordon Sanitaire23.4 Neutrality and Maritime Blockade23.5 Blockade in Non-International Armed ConflictChapter 24: Security Council Maritime Enforcement24.1 Rhodesia Sanctions and the Beira Patrol (1965)24.2 The Maritime Blockade of Iraq (1990-91)24.3 Former Republic of Yugoslavia Armaments Embargo (1991-96)24.4 Haiti Sanctions (1994)24.5 Libya Embargo (2011)Index

"The book is a major reference work not only for lawyers, but for anyone with an interest in maritime security. Without doubt, this will be a main resource for the discussion of all legal aspects of maritime security for years to come."- Christian Bueger, Cardiff University

James Kraska, LL.M. (2005), S.J.D. (2009), University of Virginia School of Law, is Howard S. Levie Professor in the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College, and author of Maritime Power and Law of the Sea (Oxford, 2011).Raul Pedrozo, LL.M. (1993), Georgetown University Law Center, is a Non-resident Research Fellow in the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College and a Deputy General for the Department of Defense.

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Maritime Security Law1.1. Introduction1.2 What is Maritime Security Law?1.3 Building a Public Order of the Oceans1.4 ConclusionChapter 2: American Maritime Security Policy and Strategy2.1 Introduction2.2 U.S. Maritime Security Policy2.3 National Strategy for Maritime Security2.4 National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security2.5 U.S. Maritime Strategy for Homeland Security2.6 Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Sea PowerChapter 3: European Maritime Strategy and Policy3.I North Atlantic Treaty Organization3.2 European Union3.3 Chiefs of European Navies Maritime Operational Concept3.4 U.K. Future Maritime Operational ConceptChapter 4: Peacetime Zones and Control Measures4.I Temporary Suspension of Innocent Passage4.2 Offshore Installation Safety Zones4.3 World-Wide Navigational Warning Service4.4 Aeronautical Information ServicesChapter 5: Marine Environmental Protection and Control Measures5.1 The Marine Environment5.2 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas5.3 Ships’ Routeing, Vessel Traffic Services, and Ships’ Reporting5.4 Mandatory Ship Reporting (United States)5.5 Marine MammalsChapter 6: U.S. Safety and Security Zones and Airspace Control Measures6.1 Introduction to U.S. Zones6.2 Jurisdiction over the Navigable Waters of the United States6.3 Safety Zones6.4 Security ZonesChapter 7: Sea Power, Grand Strategy, and Freedom of the Seas 7.1 Seapower and Grand Strategy7.2 U.S. Freedom of Navigation ProgramAnnex 1: National Security Decision Directive 20 (1982)Annex 2: National Security Decision Directive 265 (1987)Annex 3: National Security Directive 49 (1990)Annex 4: Presidential Decision Directive 32 (1995)Annex 5: U.S. Freedom of Navigation Challenges 1995-2003Chapter 8: Freedom of Navigation in the Law of the Sea8.1 Baselines8.2 Internal Waters8.3 Territorial Sea8.4 Straits Used for International Navigation8.5 Contiguous Zone8.6 Exclusive Economic Zone8.7 Continental Shelf8.8 High SeasChapter 9: Excessive Maritime Claims: Territorial Seas, Straits, and Archipelagos9.1 Introduction9.2 Illegal Straight Baselines9.2.1 Libya’s “Line of Death” in the Gulf of Sirte9.3 Excessive Claims over the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone9.4 Excessive Claims over Straits Used for International Navigation9.5 Excessive Claims over Archipelagic Sea LanesChapter 10: Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone10.1 Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone10.2 China’s Oceans Law and the EEZ10.3 North Korea’s Military Zone10.4 Military Activities in the EEZChapter 11: Flashpoint: South China Sea11.1 The Political Seascape and Regional Stability11.2 American Security Relationships and the South China SeaChapter 12: Securing the Marine Transportation System12.1 Threats to International Ship and Port Facility Security12.2 The Law of the Sea and the IMO12.3 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction12.4 The ISPS Code12.5 Maritime Domain AwarenessChapter 13: Port and Port Facility Security13.1 Ports in the Global Transportation System13.2 Port State Control13.3 Port Facility Security13.4 Port State Control Certifications and Documents13.5 Questionnaire for Designated Authorities13.6 Security Checklist for Port Facility OperatorsChapter 14: Ship and Ship Operator Security14.1 Shipping Company Responsibilities14.2 Checklist for Shipping Companies14.3 Ship Security14.4 Checklist for Ship Security Personnel14.5 Yachts and other Non-SOLAS vesselsChapter 15: Global Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking15.1. International Law and the Trade in Illegal Drugs15.2 The Multilateral Treaty Framework15.3 International Maritime Organization15.4 UN Basic Principles on the Use of ForceChapter 16: Regional Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking16.1. Regional Cooperation in Countering Maritime Drug Trafficking16.2 Caribbean Regional Maritime Agreement16.3 Caribbean Basin Security Initiative16.4 Organization of American States Model Operating Procedure16.5 The Paris Pact Initiative16.6 Republic of the Philippines National Coast Watch System16.7 Mérida Initiative16.8 The Central America Regional Security InitiativeChapter 17: U.S. Maritime Counterdrug Law17.1 Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act17.2 Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act17.3 Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act17.4 U. S. Coast Guard Authorities17.5 Department of Defense Legal AuthoritiesChapter 18: U.S. International Maritime Counterdrug Policy18.1 The U.S. Policy and Operational Framework18.2 U.S. Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Instruments18.3 Conclusion18.4 U.S. Maritime Law Enforcement InstrumentsChapter 19: Migrant Smuggling at Sea19.1 Transnational Threat of Irregular Migration19.2 Law of the Sea Convention19.3 Transnational Organized Crime Convention19.4 Migrant Smuggling Protocol19.5 IMO Initiatives19.6 Duty to Assist19.7 Salvage Conventions19.8 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea19.9 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue19.10 Refugee Convention19.11 The U.S. Experience in Law and Practice19.12 ConclusionChapter 20: Maritime Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea20.1 The Historical Roots of the Law of Piracy20.2 Contemporary Law of Maritime Piracy20.3 Counter-piracy OperationsChapter 21: Maritime Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction at Sea21.1 Prevalence of Maritime Terrorism21.2 Non Proliferation Treaty21.3 Coastal State and Flag State Jurisdiction21.4 Cases on the Use of Force in Shipboarding21.5 UN Security Council21.6 Proliferation Security Initiative21.7 Can the NPT Survive? Chapter 22: Commentary on the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation22.1 Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA) 22.2 2005 Convention22.3 2005 Protocol (Safety of Fixed Platforms) Chapter 23: Irregular Naval Warfare and Blockade23.1 Irregular Naval Warfare23.2 Quarantine23.3 Cordon Sanitaire23.4 Neutrality and Maritime Blockade23.5 Blockade in Non-International Armed ConflictChapter 24: Security Council Maritime Enforcement24.1 Rhodesia Sanctions and the Beira Patrol (1965)24.2 The Maritime Blockade of Iraq (1990-91)24.3 Former Republic of Yugoslavia Armaments Embargo (1991-96)24.4 Haiti Sanctions (1994)24.5 Libya Embargo (2011)Index

"The book is a major reference work not only for lawyers, but for anyone with an interest in maritime security. Without doubt, this will be a main resource for the discussion of all legal aspects of maritime security for years to come."- Christian Bueger, Cardiff University