Dong Soo Kim, Kathleen Ja Sook Bergquist, M. Elizabeth Vonk, Marvin D. Feit

• * About the Editors* Contributors* Foreword (Paull Shin)* Preface* PART I: SOCIOHISTORICAL BACKGROUND* Chapter 1. A Country Divided: Contextualizing Adoption from a Korean Perspective (Dong Soo Kim)* Historical and Cultural Background* Korean Conflict and Its Impact on Families* The Origin of Korean International Adoption* International Adoption As a Permanent Institution* Motivation for International Adoption* Globalization of Korean International Adoption* Questions and Issues* Recent Developments* Chapter 2. Institutionalizing International Adoption: The Historical Origins of Korean Adoption in the United States (Catherine Ceniza Choy)* A World Vision* From Rescue to Rivalry* Independent Adoption Schemes: An Uneven Legacy* PART II: FORMING NEW FAMILIES* Chapter 3. A Long-Term Follow-Up of Transracially Adopted Children in Their Young Adult Years (William Feigelman)* Methods* Results* Discussion* Chapter 4. Choosing Korea: Marketing “Multiculturalism” to Choosy Adopters (Kristi Brian)* The Trouble with “Culture”* Themes of the Dominant Institutional Discourse* Conclusion: Shifting the Practice Paradigm Toward a Problem-Oriented View of Adoption Culture* Chapter 5. Korean Adopted Children’s Ethic Identity Formation (Nam Soon Huh)* Ethnic Identity* Ethnic Identity Development and Adoption* Methods* Results* Discussion* Implications for Practice* Chapter 6. Transracial Adoptive Parents’ Thoughts About the Importance of Race and Culture in Parenting (M. Elizabeth Vonk, Sung Hyun Yun, Wansoo Park, and Richard R. Massatti)* Methodology* Results* Discussion* Implications* PART III: REFLECTIONS ON KOREAN ADOPTION* Chapter 7. Remembering Loss: The Koreanness of Overseas Adopted Koreans (Eleana Kim)* Introduction* Points of Reentry* The Global Family of Korea* Wedding Citizenship and Culture* Conclusion* Chapter 8. Mothers Without Mothering: Birth Mothers from South Korea Since the Korean War (Hosu Kim)* Trauma and the Figure of the Birth Mother* Intercountry Adoption and Korea* Three Cohorts of Birth Mothers’ Characteristics in Korea* Affect Economy and the Figure of the Birth Mother* The Child As Gift or Adoption As Gift?* Activating the Memory of Birth Mothers* Chapter 9. A Sociological Approach to Race, Identity, and Asian Adoption (Jiannbin L. Shiao and Mia H. Tuan)* Introduction* The Asian Adoption Phenomenon* The Desirability of Asian Adoptees* Controversy Over Black-White Adoption Placements* Asian Adoption As an Area of Sociological Investigations* Research* Clues from the “Asian Immigrants in White Families: Korean Adoptees in American” Study* Conclusion: From Family Adjustment to Diverse Meaning and Contexts* Chapter 10. Lifting the Shroud of Silence: A Korean Adoptee’s Search for Truth, Legitimacy, and Justice (Rebecca Hurdis)* Prologue* Christianity and the Korean War* Illegitimate Motherhood* Daughters of the Ghost* PART IV: BIRTH-COUNTRY PERSPECTIVES* Chapter 11. Recent Trends in Child Welfare and Adoption in Korea: Challenges and Future Directions (Bong Joo Lee)* Introduction* A Brief History of Adoption in Korea* Trends in Adoption* Challenges and Future Directions of Adoption in Korea* Conclusion* Chapter 12. Korea’s Overseas Adoption and Its Positive Impact on Domestic Adoption and Child Welfare in Korea (Tai Soon Bai)* Introduction* Domestic Adoption Practice in Korea* Impact of International Adoption on the Development of Domestic Adoption and Child-Welfare Practices* Conclusion* Chapter 13. The Korean Adoption Issue and Representations of Adopted Koreans in Korean Popular Culture (Tobias Hübinette)* The Importance of

Dong Soo Kim, Kathleen Ja Sook Bergquist, M. Elizabeth Vonk, Marvin D. Feit

• * About the Editors* Contributors* Foreword (Paull Shin)* Preface* PART I: SOCIOHISTORICAL BACKGROUND* Chapter 1. A Country Divided: Contextualizing Adoption from a Korean Perspective (Dong Soo Kim)* Historical and Cultural Background* Korean Conflict and Its Impact on Families* The Origin of Korean International Adoption* International Adoption As a Permanent Institution* Motivation for International Adoption* Globalization of Korean International Adoption* Questions and Issues* Recent Developments* Chapter 2. Institutionalizing International Adoption: The Historical Origins of Korean Adoption in the United States (Catherine Ceniza Choy)* A World Vision* From Rescue to Rivalry* Independent Adoption Schemes: An Uneven Legacy* PART II: FORMING NEW FAMILIES* Chapter 3. A Long-Term Follow-Up of Transracially Adopted Children in Their Young Adult Years (William Feigelman)* Methods* Results* Discussion* Chapter 4. Choosing Korea: Marketing “Multiculturalism” to Choosy Adopters (Kristi Brian)* The Trouble with “Culture”* Themes of the Dominant Institutional Discourse* Conclusion: Shifting the Practice Paradigm Toward a Problem-Oriented View of Adoption Culture* Chapter 5. Korean Adopted Children’s Ethic Identity Formation (Nam Soon Huh)* Ethnic Identity* Ethnic Identity Development and Adoption* Methods* Results* Discussion* Implications for Practice* Chapter 6. Transracial Adoptive Parents’ Thoughts About the Importance of Race and Culture in Parenting (M. Elizabeth Vonk, Sung Hyun Yun, Wansoo Park, and Richard R. Massatti)* Methodology* Results* Discussion* Implications* PART III: REFLECTIONS ON KOREAN ADOPTION* Chapter 7. Remembering Loss: The Koreanness of Overseas Adopted Koreans (Eleana Kim)* Introduction* Points of Reentry* The Global Family of Korea* Wedding Citizenship and Culture* Conclusion* Chapter 8. Mothers Without Mothering: Birth Mothers from South Korea Since the Korean War (Hosu Kim)* Trauma and the Figure of the Birth Mother* Intercountry Adoption and Korea* Three Cohorts of Birth Mothers’ Characteristics in Korea* Affect Economy and the Figure of the Birth Mother* The Child As Gift or Adoption As Gift?* Activating the Memory of Birth Mothers* Chapter 9. A Sociological Approach to Race, Identity, and Asian Adoption (Jiannbin L. Shiao and Mia H. Tuan)* Introduction* The Asian Adoption Phenomenon* The Desirability of Asian Adoptees* Controversy Over Black-White Adoption Placements* Asian Adoption As an Area of Sociological Investigations* Research* Clues from the “Asian Immigrants in White Families: Korean Adoptees in American” Study* Conclusion: From Family Adjustment to Diverse Meaning and Contexts* Chapter 10. Lifting the Shroud of Silence: A Korean Adoptee’s Search for Truth, Legitimacy, and Justice (Rebecca Hurdis)* Prologue* Christianity and the Korean War* Illegitimate Motherhood* Daughters of the Ghost* PART IV: BIRTH-COUNTRY PERSPECTIVES* Chapter 11. Recent Trends in Child Welfare and Adoption in Korea: Challenges and Future Directions (Bong Joo Lee)* Introduction* A Brief History of Adoption in Korea* Trends in Adoption* Challenges and Future Directions of Adoption in Korea* Conclusion* Chapter 12. Korea’s Overseas Adoption and Its Positive Impact on Domestic Adoption and Child Welfare in Korea (Tai Soon Bai)* Introduction* Domestic Adoption Practice in Korea* Impact of International Adoption on the Development of Domestic Adoption and Child-Welfare Practices* Conclusion* Chapter 13. The Korean Adoption Issue and Representations of Adopted Koreans in Korean Popular Culture (Tobias Hübinette)* The Importance of

Dong Soo Kim, Kathleen Ja Sook Bergquist, M. Elizabeth Vonk, Marvin D. Feit

• * About the Editors* Contributors* Foreword (Paull Shin)* Preface* PART I: SOCIOHISTORICAL BACKGROUND* Chapter 1. A Country Divided: Contextualizing Adoption from a Korean Perspective (Dong Soo Kim)* Historical and Cultural Background* Korean Conflict and Its Impact on Families* The Origin of Korean International Adoption* International Adoption As a Permanent Institution* Motivation for International Adoption* Globalization of Korean International Adoption* Questions and Issues* Recent Developments* Chapter 2. Institutionalizing International Adoption: The Historical Origins of Korean Adoption in the United States (Catherine Ceniza Choy)* A World Vision* From Rescue to Rivalry* Independent Adoption Schemes: An Uneven Legacy* PART II: FORMING NEW FAMILIES* Chapter 3. A Long-Term Follow-Up of Transracially Adopted Children in Their Young Adult Years (William Feigelman)* Methods* Results* Discussion* Chapter 4. Choosing Korea: Marketing “Multiculturalism” to Choosy Adopters (Kristi Brian)* The Trouble with “Culture”* Themes of the Dominant Institutional Discourse* Conclusion: Shifting the Practice Paradigm Toward a Problem-Oriented View of Adoption Culture* Chapter 5. Korean Adopted Children’s Ethic Identity Formation (Nam Soon Huh)* Ethnic Identity* Ethnic Identity Development and Adoption* Methods* Results* Discussion* Implications for Practice* Chapter 6. Transracial Adoptive Parents’ Thoughts About the Importance of Race and Culture in Parenting (M. Elizabeth Vonk, Sung Hyun Yun, Wansoo Park, and Richard R. Massatti)* Methodology* Results* Discussion* Implications* PART III: REFLECTIONS ON KOREAN ADOPTION* Chapter 7. Remembering Loss: The Koreanness of Overseas Adopted Koreans (Eleana Kim)* Introduction* Points of Reentry* The Global Family of Korea* Wedding Citizenship and Culture* Conclusion* Chapter 8. Mothers Without Mothering: Birth Mothers from South Korea Since the Korean War (Hosu Kim)* Trauma and the Figure of the Birth Mother* Intercountry Adoption and Korea* Three Cohorts of Birth Mothers’ Characteristics in Korea* Affect Economy and the Figure of the Birth Mother* The Child As Gift or Adoption As Gift?* Activating the Memory of Birth Mothers* Chapter 9. A Sociological Approach to Race, Identity, and Asian Adoption (Jiannbin L. Shiao and Mia H. Tuan)* Introduction* The Asian Adoption Phenomenon* The Desirability of Asian Adoptees* Controversy Over Black-White Adoption Placements* Asian Adoption As an Area of Sociological Investigations* Research* Clues from the “Asian Immigrants in White Families: Korean Adoptees in American” Study* Conclusion: From Family Adjustment to Diverse Meaning and Contexts* Chapter 10. Lifting the Shroud of Silence: A Korean Adoptee’s Search for Truth, Legitimacy, and Justice (Rebecca Hurdis)* Prologue* Christianity and the Korean War* Illegitimate Motherhood* Daughters of the Ghost* PART IV: BIRTH-COUNTRY PERSPECTIVES* Chapter 11. Recent Trends in Child Welfare and Adoption in Korea: Challenges and Future Directions (Bong Joo Lee)* Introduction* A Brief History of Adoption in Korea* Trends in Adoption* Challenges and Future Directions of Adoption in Korea* Conclusion* Chapter 12. Korea’s Overseas Adoption and Its Positive Impact on Domestic Adoption and Child Welfare in Korea (Tai Soon Bai)* Introduction* Domestic Adoption Practice in Korea* Impact of International Adoption on the Development of Domestic Adoption and Child-Welfare Practices* Conclusion* Chapter 13. The Korean Adoption Issue and Representations of Adopted Koreans in Korean Popular Culture (Tobias Hübinette)* The Importance of