Robert Kupiecki, Ph.D. Professor of Strategic Studies at the University of Warsaw. He has published monographs and articles, including Disinformation, Narratives and Memory Politics in Russia and Belarus (Routledge, 2022), Disinformation and the Resilience of Western Societies (PISM, 2023).Filip Bryjka, Ph.D. Analyst at the Polish Institute of International Affairs and adjunct professor at the Institute of Political Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences. His expertise includes hybrid threats with special attention to Russian disinformation and proxy forces.Tomasz Chłoń, M.A. Head of Research at the Centre for Population Diagnostic, PORT – Polish Center for Technology Development. Diplomat, researcher and educator, specializing in international relations and hybrid threats. Poland’s Foreign Minister's plenipotentiary for countering international disinformation.

• IntroductionPart 1: Disinformation: Environment, Concept, and Threats1 The Security Environment and Information Ecosystem of Modern States1 Disinformation and the Security Environment of Modern States2 Post-Truth: Harmful Equality Between Truth and Falsehood3 The Information Ecosystem of Modern States4 Vulnerability of Cognitive Processes5 Infodemia6 The Role of the Media2 Disinformation: Traditions, Lies, Strategy, and Relations with Politics1 The Philosophers of Truth2 Grotius, Machiavelli, Diplomacy, and the Right to Truth3 Sun-Tzu, Clausewitz, and the Strategic Nature of Disinformation4 The Colors of Propaganda3 Disinformation: Conceptual Framework and Origins1 Definitions of Disinformation2 The Origins of the Concept3 Disinformation: the Vulnerability of Democratic Societies4 Disinformation: Anatomy and Trends1 Categories of Disinformation2 The Building Blocks of Disinformation3 Trends in Disinformation4 Technological Challenges5 China: the New Actor of DisinformationSummaryPart 2: Disinformation: Recognition and Analysis5 Intelligence and Military Disinformation and Its Impact on Information Security: Theoretical, Practical, and Legal Aspects1 State Information Security2 Intelligence Disinformation3 Military Disinformation6 Identifying Disinformation that Targets Mass Audiences1 Recognizing Disinformation2 The RESIST Model – Recognition and Analysis of Disinformation7 Disinformation Analysis – First Line of Defense: Critical Thinking, Fact-Checking, and Open-Source Intelligence1 Critical Thinking2 Verification of Information3 Open-Source Intelligence8 Militarization of Information in Russian Strategic Culture1 Disinformation as an Element of Russian Strategy2 Russian Interference in Democratic Elections3 Russian Military Disinformation4 Disinformation as a Science and Practice of Russian PoliticsSummaryPart 3: Disinformation: Countering and Resilience9 Countering Disinformation: General Characteristics and Building Immunity1 Fighting Disinformation: General Characteristics2 The Challenges of Regulating Online Platforms3 Man in the Face of the Threat of Disinformation10 Media Education and Counteracting Disinformation at the Individual Level1 The Role of Media Education in Countering Disinformation2 Counteracting Disinformation at the Individual Level3 Informational Health and Safety11 Countering Disinformation: Corporations and Civil Society1 Social Platforms: Evolution and Disinformation2 Fighting Disinformation: Civil Society3 Disinformation and Challenges for the Future of Journalism12 Countering Disinformation: State and International Level1 Dilemmas and Needs to Fight Disinformation2 Counteracting Disinformation: a Regional Perspective3 The EU, NATO, and the UN: Combating Disinformation4 Recommendations for Strengthening the Activities of International Organizations: from Practice to Strategy5 ConclusionSummaryBibliographyIndex

Robert Kupiecki, Ph.D. Professor of Strategic Studies at the University of Warsaw. He has published monographs and articles, including Disinformation, Narratives and Memory Politics in Russia and Belarus (Routledge, 2022), Disinformation and the Resilience of Western Societies (PISM, 2023).Filip Bryjka, Ph.D. Analyst at the Polish Institute of International Affairs and adjunct professor at the Institute of Political Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences. His expertise includes hybrid threats with special attention to Russian disinformation and proxy forces.Tomasz Chłoń, M.A. Head of Research at the Centre for Population Diagnostic, PORT – Polish Center for Technology Development. Diplomat, researcher and educator, specializing in international relations and hybrid threats. Poland’s Foreign Minister's plenipotentiary for countering international disinformation.

• IntroductionPart 1: Disinformation: Environment, Concept, and Threats1 The Security Environment and Information Ecosystem of Modern States1 Disinformation and the Security Environment of Modern States2 Post-Truth: Harmful Equality Between Truth and Falsehood3 The Information Ecosystem of Modern States4 Vulnerability of Cognitive Processes5 Infodemia6 The Role of the Media2 Disinformation: Traditions, Lies, Strategy, and Relations with Politics1 The Philosophers of Truth2 Grotius, Machiavelli, Diplomacy, and the Right to Truth3 Sun-Tzu, Clausewitz, and the Strategic Nature of Disinformation4 The Colors of Propaganda3 Disinformation: Conceptual Framework and Origins1 Definitions of Disinformation2 The Origins of the Concept3 Disinformation: the Vulnerability of Democratic Societies4 Disinformation: Anatomy and Trends1 Categories of Disinformation2 The Building Blocks of Disinformation3 Trends in Disinformation4 Technological Challenges5 China: the New Actor of DisinformationSummaryPart 2: Disinformation: Recognition and Analysis5 Intelligence and Military Disinformation and Its Impact on Information Security: Theoretical, Practical, and Legal Aspects1 State Information Security2 Intelligence Disinformation3 Military Disinformation6 Identifying Disinformation that Targets Mass Audiences1 Recognizing Disinformation2 The RESIST Model – Recognition and Analysis of Disinformation7 Disinformation Analysis – First Line of Defense: Critical Thinking, Fact-Checking, and Open-Source Intelligence1 Critical Thinking2 Verification of Information3 Open-Source Intelligence8 Militarization of Information in Russian Strategic Culture1 Disinformation as an Element of Russian Strategy2 Russian Interference in Democratic Elections3 Russian Military Disinformation4 Disinformation as a Science and Practice of Russian PoliticsSummaryPart 3: Disinformation: Countering and Resilience9 Countering Disinformation: General Characteristics and Building Immunity1 Fighting Disinformation: General Characteristics2 The Challenges of Regulating Online Platforms3 Man in the Face of the Threat of Disinformation10 Media Education and Counteracting Disinformation at the Individual Level1 The Role of Media Education in Countering Disinformation2 Counteracting Disinformation at the Individual Level3 Informational Health and Safety11 Countering Disinformation: Corporations and Civil Society1 Social Platforms: Evolution and Disinformation2 Fighting Disinformation: Civil Society3 Disinformation and Challenges for the Future of Journalism12 Countering Disinformation: State and International Level1 Dilemmas and Needs to Fight Disinformation2 Counteracting Disinformation: a Regional Perspective3 The EU, NATO, and the UN: Combating Disinformation4 Recommendations for Strengthening the Activities of International Organizations: from Practice to Strategy5 ConclusionSummaryBibliographyIndex

Robert Kupiecki, Ph.D. Professor of Strategic Studies at the University of Warsaw. He has published monographs and articles, including Disinformation, Narratives and Memory Politics in Russia and Belarus (Routledge, 2022), Disinformation and the Resilience of Western Societies (PISM, 2023).Filip Bryjka, Ph.D. Analyst at the Polish Institute of International Affairs and adjunct professor at the Institute of Political Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences. His expertise includes hybrid threats with special attention to Russian disinformation and proxy forces.Tomasz Chłoń, M.A. Head of Research at the Centre for Population Diagnostic, PORT – Polish Center for Technology Development. Diplomat, researcher and educator, specializing in international relations and hybrid threats. Poland’s Foreign Minister's plenipotentiary for countering international disinformation.

• IntroductionPart 1: Disinformation: Environment, Concept, and Threats1 The Security Environment and Information Ecosystem of Modern States1 Disinformation and the Security Environment of Modern States2 Post-Truth: Harmful Equality Between Truth and Falsehood3 The Information Ecosystem of Modern States4 Vulnerability of Cognitive Processes5 Infodemia6 The Role of the Media2 Disinformation: Traditions, Lies, Strategy, and Relations with Politics1 The Philosophers of Truth2 Grotius, Machiavelli, Diplomacy, and the Right to Truth3 Sun-Tzu, Clausewitz, and the Strategic Nature of Disinformation4 The Colors of Propaganda3 Disinformation: Conceptual Framework and Origins1 Definitions of Disinformation2 The Origins of the Concept3 Disinformation: the Vulnerability of Democratic Societies4 Disinformation: Anatomy and Trends1 Categories of Disinformation2 The Building Blocks of Disinformation3 Trends in Disinformation4 Technological Challenges5 China: the New Actor of DisinformationSummaryPart 2: Disinformation: Recognition and Analysis5 Intelligence and Military Disinformation and Its Impact on Information Security: Theoretical, Practical, and Legal Aspects1 State Information Security2 Intelligence Disinformation3 Military Disinformation6 Identifying Disinformation that Targets Mass Audiences1 Recognizing Disinformation2 The RESIST Model – Recognition and Analysis of Disinformation7 Disinformation Analysis – First Line of Defense: Critical Thinking, Fact-Checking, and Open-Source Intelligence1 Critical Thinking2 Verification of Information3 Open-Source Intelligence8 Militarization of Information in Russian Strategic Culture1 Disinformation as an Element of Russian Strategy2 Russian Interference in Democratic Elections3 Russian Military Disinformation4 Disinformation as a Science and Practice of Russian PoliticsSummaryPart 3: Disinformation: Countering and Resilience9 Countering Disinformation: General Characteristics and Building Immunity1 Fighting Disinformation: General Characteristics2 The Challenges of Regulating Online Platforms3 Man in the Face of the Threat of Disinformation10 Media Education and Counteracting Disinformation at the Individual Level1 The Role of Media Education in Countering Disinformation2 Counteracting Disinformation at the Individual Level3 Informational Health and Safety11 Countering Disinformation: Corporations and Civil Society1 Social Platforms: Evolution and Disinformation2 Fighting Disinformation: Civil Society3 Disinformation and Challenges for the Future of Journalism12 Countering Disinformation: State and International Level1 Dilemmas and Needs to Fight Disinformation2 Counteracting Disinformation: a Regional Perspective3 The EU, NATO, and the UN: Combating Disinformation4 Recommendations for Strengthening the Activities of International Organizations: from Practice to Strategy5 ConclusionSummaryBibliographyIndex