Masood Ur Rehman, PhD, is a Lecturer in Electronic and Nanoscale Engineering at the University of Glasgow, UK. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy UK, Senior Member of the IEEE, and Associate Editor of the IEEE Access, IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagation Letters, Microwave & Optical Technology Letters and IET Electronics Letters.Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer in Computer Networking at the University of Bedfordshire, UK. He is Associate Fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK. He was an R&D Engineer with Carrier Telephone Industries and Schlumberger, France. Dr. Safdar is Editor-in-Chief of EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web and Information Technology, Area Editor of Springer Wireless Networks and Topic Editor of MDPI JSAN. Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry, PhD, MBA,is a thought-leader, innovator and entrepreneur leading multi-disciplinary projects in Digital Disruption and Future-Tech. He has developed strategy recommendations for Fortune 500. Dr. Chaudhry also leads IEEE Standards in Software-Defined and Virtualized Ecosystems.

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xvAbout the Editors xviiList of Contributors xix1 Introduction to D2D Communications 1Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, Masood Ur Rehman, and Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry1.1 D2D Communication 11.2 Evolution of D2D Communication 31.3 D2D Communication in Cellular Spectrum 61.4 Classification of D2D Communication 91.5 Challenges in D2D Implementation 101.6 Summary 11References 112 Interference Mitigation in D2D Communication Underlaying LTE-A Network 13Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, Masood Ur Rehman, Mujahid Muhammad, and Muhammad A. Imran2.1 Applicability of D2D Communication 152.2 Interference – The Compelling Issue in D2D 172.3 Types of D2D Communication 172.3.1 In-Band D2D Communication 182.3.1.1 Underlay In-Band 182.3.1.2 Overlay In-Band 192.3.2 Out-Band D2D Communication 192.3.2.1 Network-Assisted D2D Communication 212.3.2.2 Autonomous D2D Communication 222.4 D2D Communication Underlaying Cellular Network – The Challenges 232.4.1 Device Discovery 242.4.2 Mode Selection 252.4.3 Radio Resource Management 252.4.4 Modification to LTE-A Architecture 272.4.5 Security in D2D 272.4.6 Mobility Management 282.5 Interference in D2D 282.5.1 Power Control Techniques 312.5.2 Radio Resource Allocation Techniques 322.5.3 Joint Power Control and Radio Resource Allocation Techniques 332.5.4 Spectrum Splitting Techniques 342.5.5 Other Interference Mitigation Techniques 342.5.6 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Techniques 352.5.7 Comparative Analysis of D2D Interference Mitigation Techniques 392.6 Summary 42References 423 Rethinking D2D Interference: Beyond the Past 49Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry and Zakia Asad3.1 Interference Manipulation 493.1.1 Example 503.2 Formulation of Interference Manipulation Problem 523.3 Matrix Rank Minimization: A Way to Manipulate Interference 533.3.1 Reduction of Interference Manipulation to Matrix Rank Minimization 533.3.2 Minimum Rank Matrix to Transmission Scheme 543.3.3 Does the Field Size Matter? 553.4 Interference Manipulation: A Boolean Satisfiability Approach 553.5 Interference Manipulation: Index Coding Perspective 563.5.1 Interference Manipulation Is NP-hard 573.5.2 An Efficient Solution for Interference Manipulation 583.6 Summary 60References 604 User Pairing Scheme for Efficient D2D Content Delivery in Cellular Networks 63Yanli Xu4.1 D2D Content Delivery 634.2 D2D Content Delivery Architecture 654.2.1 Network Model 654.2.2 Channel Model 664.2.3 Content Delivery Model 664.3 D2D Content Delivery Strategies 674.3.1 Pairing Range 674.3.2 Energy Efficiency for Multicast and Unicast 724.3.3 Caching and Delivery 734.4 D2D Delivery Mode Selection 754.5 Performance Evaluation 774.6 Summary 84References 845 Resource Allocation for NOMA-based D2D Systems Coexisting with Cellular Networks 89Tien H. Nguyen, Taehyun Yoon, Xuan T. Nguyen, Daeseung Yoo, Byungtae Jang, and Van D. Nguyen5.1 NOMA-based D2D Systems 905.2 System Model and Performance Analysis 915.2.1 System Model and Assumptions 915.2.2 Capacity Analysis of D2D and Cellular Networks 925.2.2.1 Uplink Cellular Networks Transmission 925.2.2.2 Downlink NOMA-D2D Transmission 935.3 Joint Subchannel Assignment and Power Control for D2D Communication 955.3.1 Subchannel Assignment Scheme 965.3.2 Power Control Scheme 975.4 Optimization of D2D Device Pairing 995.5 Results and Discussion 1005.5.1 Channel Model 1015.5.2 Performance Evaluation 1025.6 Summary 105References 1056 Distributed Multi-Agent RL-Based Autonomous Spectrum Allocation in D2D-Enabled Multi-Tier HetNets 109Kamran Zia, Nauman Javed, Muhammad N. Sial, Sohail Ahmed, Asad A. Pirzada, and Farrukh Pervez6.1 D2D Resource Allocation Methods 1106.2 Reinforcement Q-Learning 1136.3 System Model 1146.4 Resource Allocation in Multi-tier D2D Communication 1166.4.1 Autonomous Spectrum Allocation Scheme 1186.5 Performance Evaluation 1196.5.1 Performance of D2D Users 1216.5.2 Performance of Cellular Users 1226.5.3 Coverage Analysis 1256.5.4 Computational Time Analysis 1256.5.5 Memory Requirements 1276.5.6 Effect of Base Stations Density 1286.5.7 Effect of Network Tiers 1296.6 Summary 130References 1307 Adaptive Interference Aware Device-to-Device-Enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communications 133Navuday Sharma, Rafay I. Ansari, Rida Khan, Hassan Malik, and Haris Pervaiz7.1 Key Elements in D2D Communication 1347.1.1 D2D Network Discovery 1357.1.2 SWIPT for D2D 1357.1.3 Resource Allocation 1367.1.4 3GPP Standardization 1367.2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in D2D 1377.2.1 Key Challenges in UAV-based D2D 1397.2.2 Transmission over PC5 Interface for UAV-based D2D Discovery 1407.2.3 Interference in UAV-based D2D 1417.3 Summary 144References 1448 Emergency Device-to-Device Communication: Applicability, Case Studies and Interference Mitigation 149Imran Haider, Mohsin Raza, Kamran Ali, Muhammad Awais, Vishnu V. Paranthaman, and Muhammad Y. M. Mirza8.1 Emergency D2D Communication 1508.2 Approaches for Efficient Emergency D2D Communication 1528.3 Emergency D2D Communication: Case Studies 1558.4 Interference Mitigation in Emergency D2D Communication 1588.4.1 Radiated Power Management 1598.4.2 Frequency Allocation 1608.4.2.1 Hybrid Schemes for Power Control and Intelligent Frequency Allocation 1608.4.3 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 1618.4.4 Adjacent Channel Interference Cancellation in DSRC 1618.4.5 Interference Mitigation through Multiple Antennas (MIMO) 1628.4.5.1 Beam Steering in 3GPP 5G NR Supported Vehicular Systems 1628.5 Summary 164References 1649 Disaster Management Using D2D Communication With Power Transfer and Clustering Techniques 167Kamran Ali, Huan Nguyen, Aboubaker Lasebae, Anum Tanveer, Purav Shah, Mohsin Raza, Bushrah Naeem, and Tahera Kalsoom9.1 D2D Communication in Disaster Management 1689.2 D2D Communication in Disaster Management: Key Considerations 1699.3 D2D Disaster Management System Architecture 1719.3.1 Time Switching-Based Protocol 1729.3.2 Network Configuration 1739.3.3 Outage Probability for Mode Selection 1749.4 Power Transfer Using Relaying and Clustering in D2D Disaster Management 1789.4.1 System Model 1789.4.2 Performance Evaluation 1799.4.2.1 Energy Calculation 1799.5 Results and Discussion 1829.6 Summary 187References 18810 Road Ahead for D2D Communications 191Masood Ur Rehman, Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, and Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry10.1 Future Prospects and Challenges 19110.1.1 Spectrum Sharing and Coexistence 19210.1.2 Standardization 19210.1.3 Secure Communication 19310.1.4 Energy Consumption and Energy Harvesting 19410.1.5 Interference Management 19510.1.6 Resource Allocation 19610.1.7 Device Discovery 19710.1.8 Handover 19810.1.9 Network Slicing 19810.1.10 D2D in Vehicular Communications 19910.1.11 D2D in Disaster Management 19910.1.12 D2D at Millimeter Wave Frequencies 19910.1.13 D2D and Social Networks 20010.1.14 D2D and Visible Light Communication (VLC) 200References 201Index 207

Masood Ur Rehman, PhD, is a Lecturer in Electronic and Nanoscale Engineering at the University of Glasgow, UK. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy UK, Senior Member of the IEEE, and Associate Editor of the IEEE Access, IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagation Letters, Microwave & Optical Technology Letters and IET Electronics Letters.Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer in Computer Networking at the University of Bedfordshire, UK. He is Associate Fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK. He was an R&D Engineer with Carrier Telephone Industries and Schlumberger, France. Dr. Safdar is Editor-in-Chief of EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web and Information Technology, Area Editor of Springer Wireless Networks and Topic Editor of MDPI JSAN. Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry, PhD, MBA,is a thought-leader, innovator and entrepreneur leading multi-disciplinary projects in Digital Disruption and Future-Tech. He has developed strategy recommendations for Fortune 500. Dr. Chaudhry also leads IEEE Standards in Software-Defined and Virtualized Ecosystems.

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xvAbout the Editors xviiList of Contributors xix1 Introduction to D2D Communications 1Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, Masood Ur Rehman, and Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry1.1 D2D Communication 11.2 Evolution of D2D Communication 31.3 D2D Communication in Cellular Spectrum 61.4 Classification of D2D Communication 91.5 Challenges in D2D Implementation 101.6 Summary 11References 112 Interference Mitigation in D2D Communication Underlaying LTE-A Network 13Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, Masood Ur Rehman, Mujahid Muhammad, and Muhammad A. Imran2.1 Applicability of D2D Communication 152.2 Interference – The Compelling Issue in D2D 172.3 Types of D2D Communication 172.3.1 In-Band D2D Communication 182.3.1.1 Underlay In-Band 182.3.1.2 Overlay In-Band 192.3.2 Out-Band D2D Communication 192.3.2.1 Network-Assisted D2D Communication 212.3.2.2 Autonomous D2D Communication 222.4 D2D Communication Underlaying Cellular Network – The Challenges 232.4.1 Device Discovery 242.4.2 Mode Selection 252.4.3 Radio Resource Management 252.4.4 Modification to LTE-A Architecture 272.4.5 Security in D2D 272.4.6 Mobility Management 282.5 Interference in D2D 282.5.1 Power Control Techniques 312.5.2 Radio Resource Allocation Techniques 322.5.3 Joint Power Control and Radio Resource Allocation Techniques 332.5.4 Spectrum Splitting Techniques 342.5.5 Other Interference Mitigation Techniques 342.5.6 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Techniques 352.5.7 Comparative Analysis of D2D Interference Mitigation Techniques 392.6 Summary 42References 423 Rethinking D2D Interference: Beyond the Past 49Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry and Zakia Asad3.1 Interference Manipulation 493.1.1 Example 503.2 Formulation of Interference Manipulation Problem 523.3 Matrix Rank Minimization: A Way to Manipulate Interference 533.3.1 Reduction of Interference Manipulation to Matrix Rank Minimization 533.3.2 Minimum Rank Matrix to Transmission Scheme 543.3.3 Does the Field Size Matter? 553.4 Interference Manipulation: A Boolean Satisfiability Approach 553.5 Interference Manipulation: Index Coding Perspective 563.5.1 Interference Manipulation Is NP-hard 573.5.2 An Efficient Solution for Interference Manipulation 583.6 Summary 60References 604 User Pairing Scheme for Efficient D2D Content Delivery in Cellular Networks 63Yanli Xu4.1 D2D Content Delivery 634.2 D2D Content Delivery Architecture 654.2.1 Network Model 654.2.2 Channel Model 664.2.3 Content Delivery Model 664.3 D2D Content Delivery Strategies 674.3.1 Pairing Range 674.3.2 Energy Efficiency for Multicast and Unicast 724.3.3 Caching and Delivery 734.4 D2D Delivery Mode Selection 754.5 Performance Evaluation 774.6 Summary 84References 845 Resource Allocation for NOMA-based D2D Systems Coexisting with Cellular Networks 89Tien H. Nguyen, Taehyun Yoon, Xuan T. Nguyen, Daeseung Yoo, Byungtae Jang, and Van D. Nguyen5.1 NOMA-based D2D Systems 905.2 System Model and Performance Analysis 915.2.1 System Model and Assumptions 915.2.2 Capacity Analysis of D2D and Cellular Networks 925.2.2.1 Uplink Cellular Networks Transmission 925.2.2.2 Downlink NOMA-D2D Transmission 935.3 Joint Subchannel Assignment and Power Control for D2D Communication 955.3.1 Subchannel Assignment Scheme 965.3.2 Power Control Scheme 975.4 Optimization of D2D Device Pairing 995.5 Results and Discussion 1005.5.1 Channel Model 1015.5.2 Performance Evaluation 1025.6 Summary 105References 1056 Distributed Multi-Agent RL-Based Autonomous Spectrum Allocation in D2D-Enabled Multi-Tier HetNets 109Kamran Zia, Nauman Javed, Muhammad N. Sial, Sohail Ahmed, Asad A. Pirzada, and Farrukh Pervez6.1 D2D Resource Allocation Methods 1106.2 Reinforcement Q-Learning 1136.3 System Model 1146.4 Resource Allocation in Multi-tier D2D Communication 1166.4.1 Autonomous Spectrum Allocation Scheme 1186.5 Performance Evaluation 1196.5.1 Performance of D2D Users 1216.5.2 Performance of Cellular Users 1226.5.3 Coverage Analysis 1256.5.4 Computational Time Analysis 1256.5.5 Memory Requirements 1276.5.6 Effect of Base Stations Density 1286.5.7 Effect of Network Tiers 1296.6 Summary 130References 1307 Adaptive Interference Aware Device-to-Device-Enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communications 133Navuday Sharma, Rafay I. Ansari, Rida Khan, Hassan Malik, and Haris Pervaiz7.1 Key Elements in D2D Communication 1347.1.1 D2D Network Discovery 1357.1.2 SWIPT for D2D 1357.1.3 Resource Allocation 1367.1.4 3GPP Standardization 1367.2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in D2D 1377.2.1 Key Challenges in UAV-based D2D 1397.2.2 Transmission over PC5 Interface for UAV-based D2D Discovery 1407.2.3 Interference in UAV-based D2D 1417.3 Summary 144References 1448 Emergency Device-to-Device Communication: Applicability, Case Studies and Interference Mitigation 149Imran Haider, Mohsin Raza, Kamran Ali, Muhammad Awais, Vishnu V. Paranthaman, and Muhammad Y. M. Mirza8.1 Emergency D2D Communication 1508.2 Approaches for Efficient Emergency D2D Communication 1528.3 Emergency D2D Communication: Case Studies 1558.4 Interference Mitigation in Emergency D2D Communication 1588.4.1 Radiated Power Management 1598.4.2 Frequency Allocation 1608.4.2.1 Hybrid Schemes for Power Control and Intelligent Frequency Allocation 1608.4.3 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 1618.4.4 Adjacent Channel Interference Cancellation in DSRC 1618.4.5 Interference Mitigation through Multiple Antennas (MIMO) 1628.4.5.1 Beam Steering in 3GPP 5G NR Supported Vehicular Systems 1628.5 Summary 164References 1649 Disaster Management Using D2D Communication With Power Transfer and Clustering Techniques 167Kamran Ali, Huan Nguyen, Aboubaker Lasebae, Anum Tanveer, Purav Shah, Mohsin Raza, Bushrah Naeem, and Tahera Kalsoom9.1 D2D Communication in Disaster Management 1689.2 D2D Communication in Disaster Management: Key Considerations 1699.3 D2D Disaster Management System Architecture 1719.3.1 Time Switching-Based Protocol 1729.3.2 Network Configuration 1739.3.3 Outage Probability for Mode Selection 1749.4 Power Transfer Using Relaying and Clustering in D2D Disaster Management 1789.4.1 System Model 1789.4.2 Performance Evaluation 1799.4.2.1 Energy Calculation 1799.5 Results and Discussion 1829.6 Summary 187References 18810 Road Ahead for D2D Communications 191Masood Ur Rehman, Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, and Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry10.1 Future Prospects and Challenges 19110.1.1 Spectrum Sharing and Coexistence 19210.1.2 Standardization 19210.1.3 Secure Communication 19310.1.4 Energy Consumption and Energy Harvesting 19410.1.5 Interference Management 19510.1.6 Resource Allocation 19610.1.7 Device Discovery 19710.1.8 Handover 19810.1.9 Network Slicing 19810.1.10 D2D in Vehicular Communications 19910.1.11 D2D in Disaster Management 19910.1.12 D2D at Millimeter Wave Frequencies 19910.1.13 D2D and Social Networks 20010.1.14 D2D and Visible Light Communication (VLC) 200References 201Index 207

Masood Ur Rehman, PhD, is a Lecturer in Electronic and Nanoscale Engineering at the University of Glasgow, UK. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy UK, Senior Member of the IEEE, and Associate Editor of the IEEE Access, IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagation Letters, Microwave & Optical Technology Letters and IET Electronics Letters.Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer in Computer Networking at the University of Bedfordshire, UK. He is Associate Fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK. He was an R&D Engineer with Carrier Telephone Industries and Schlumberger, France. Dr. Safdar is Editor-in-Chief of EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web and Information Technology, Area Editor of Springer Wireless Networks and Topic Editor of MDPI JSAN. Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry, PhD, MBA,is a thought-leader, innovator and entrepreneur leading multi-disciplinary projects in Digital Disruption and Future-Tech. He has developed strategy recommendations for Fortune 500. Dr. Chaudhry also leads IEEE Standards in Software-Defined and Virtualized Ecosystems.

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xvAbout the Editors xviiList of Contributors xix1 Introduction to D2D Communications 1Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, Masood Ur Rehman, and Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry1.1 D2D Communication 11.2 Evolution of D2D Communication 31.3 D2D Communication in Cellular Spectrum 61.4 Classification of D2D Communication 91.5 Challenges in D2D Implementation 101.6 Summary 11References 112 Interference Mitigation in D2D Communication Underlaying LTE-A Network 13Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, Masood Ur Rehman, Mujahid Muhammad, and Muhammad A. Imran2.1 Applicability of D2D Communication 152.2 Interference – The Compelling Issue in D2D 172.3 Types of D2D Communication 172.3.1 In-Band D2D Communication 182.3.1.1 Underlay In-Band 182.3.1.2 Overlay In-Band 192.3.2 Out-Band D2D Communication 192.3.2.1 Network-Assisted D2D Communication 212.3.2.2 Autonomous D2D Communication 222.4 D2D Communication Underlaying Cellular Network – The Challenges 232.4.1 Device Discovery 242.4.2 Mode Selection 252.4.3 Radio Resource Management 252.4.4 Modification to LTE-A Architecture 272.4.5 Security in D2D 272.4.6 Mobility Management 282.5 Interference in D2D 282.5.1 Power Control Techniques 312.5.2 Radio Resource Allocation Techniques 322.5.3 Joint Power Control and Radio Resource Allocation Techniques 332.5.4 Spectrum Splitting Techniques 342.5.5 Other Interference Mitigation Techniques 342.5.6 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Techniques 352.5.7 Comparative Analysis of D2D Interference Mitigation Techniques 392.6 Summary 42References 423 Rethinking D2D Interference: Beyond the Past 49Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry and Zakia Asad3.1 Interference Manipulation 493.1.1 Example 503.2 Formulation of Interference Manipulation Problem 523.3 Matrix Rank Minimization: A Way to Manipulate Interference 533.3.1 Reduction of Interference Manipulation to Matrix Rank Minimization 533.3.2 Minimum Rank Matrix to Transmission Scheme 543.3.3 Does the Field Size Matter? 553.4 Interference Manipulation: A Boolean Satisfiability Approach 553.5 Interference Manipulation: Index Coding Perspective 563.5.1 Interference Manipulation Is NP-hard 573.5.2 An Efficient Solution for Interference Manipulation 583.6 Summary 60References 604 User Pairing Scheme for Efficient D2D Content Delivery in Cellular Networks 63Yanli Xu4.1 D2D Content Delivery 634.2 D2D Content Delivery Architecture 654.2.1 Network Model 654.2.2 Channel Model 664.2.3 Content Delivery Model 664.3 D2D Content Delivery Strategies 674.3.1 Pairing Range 674.3.2 Energy Efficiency for Multicast and Unicast 724.3.3 Caching and Delivery 734.4 D2D Delivery Mode Selection 754.5 Performance Evaluation 774.6 Summary 84References 845 Resource Allocation for NOMA-based D2D Systems Coexisting with Cellular Networks 89Tien H. Nguyen, Taehyun Yoon, Xuan T. Nguyen, Daeseung Yoo, Byungtae Jang, and Van D. Nguyen5.1 NOMA-based D2D Systems 905.2 System Model and Performance Analysis 915.2.1 System Model and Assumptions 915.2.2 Capacity Analysis of D2D and Cellular Networks 925.2.2.1 Uplink Cellular Networks Transmission 925.2.2.2 Downlink NOMA-D2D Transmission 935.3 Joint Subchannel Assignment and Power Control for D2D Communication 955.3.1 Subchannel Assignment Scheme 965.3.2 Power Control Scheme 975.4 Optimization of D2D Device Pairing 995.5 Results and Discussion 1005.5.1 Channel Model 1015.5.2 Performance Evaluation 1025.6 Summary 105References 1056 Distributed Multi-Agent RL-Based Autonomous Spectrum Allocation in D2D-Enabled Multi-Tier HetNets 109Kamran Zia, Nauman Javed, Muhammad N. Sial, Sohail Ahmed, Asad A. Pirzada, and Farrukh Pervez6.1 D2D Resource Allocation Methods 1106.2 Reinforcement Q-Learning 1136.3 System Model 1146.4 Resource Allocation in Multi-tier D2D Communication 1166.4.1 Autonomous Spectrum Allocation Scheme 1186.5 Performance Evaluation 1196.5.1 Performance of D2D Users 1216.5.2 Performance of Cellular Users 1226.5.3 Coverage Analysis 1256.5.4 Computational Time Analysis 1256.5.5 Memory Requirements 1276.5.6 Effect of Base Stations Density 1286.5.7 Effect of Network Tiers 1296.6 Summary 130References 1307 Adaptive Interference Aware Device-to-Device-Enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communications 133Navuday Sharma, Rafay I. Ansari, Rida Khan, Hassan Malik, and Haris Pervaiz7.1 Key Elements in D2D Communication 1347.1.1 D2D Network Discovery 1357.1.2 SWIPT for D2D 1357.1.3 Resource Allocation 1367.1.4 3GPP Standardization 1367.2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in D2D 1377.2.1 Key Challenges in UAV-based D2D 1397.2.2 Transmission over PC5 Interface for UAV-based D2D Discovery 1407.2.3 Interference in UAV-based D2D 1417.3 Summary 144References 1448 Emergency Device-to-Device Communication: Applicability, Case Studies and Interference Mitigation 149Imran Haider, Mohsin Raza, Kamran Ali, Muhammad Awais, Vishnu V. Paranthaman, and Muhammad Y. M. Mirza8.1 Emergency D2D Communication 1508.2 Approaches for Efficient Emergency D2D Communication 1528.3 Emergency D2D Communication: Case Studies 1558.4 Interference Mitigation in Emergency D2D Communication 1588.4.1 Radiated Power Management 1598.4.2 Frequency Allocation 1608.4.2.1 Hybrid Schemes for Power Control and Intelligent Frequency Allocation 1608.4.3 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 1618.4.4 Adjacent Channel Interference Cancellation in DSRC 1618.4.5 Interference Mitigation through Multiple Antennas (MIMO) 1628.4.5.1 Beam Steering in 3GPP 5G NR Supported Vehicular Systems 1628.5 Summary 164References 1649 Disaster Management Using D2D Communication With Power Transfer and Clustering Techniques 167Kamran Ali, Huan Nguyen, Aboubaker Lasebae, Anum Tanveer, Purav Shah, Mohsin Raza, Bushrah Naeem, and Tahera Kalsoom9.1 D2D Communication in Disaster Management 1689.2 D2D Communication in Disaster Management: Key Considerations 1699.3 D2D Disaster Management System Architecture 1719.3.1 Time Switching-Based Protocol 1729.3.2 Network Configuration 1739.3.3 Outage Probability for Mode Selection 1749.4 Power Transfer Using Relaying and Clustering in D2D Disaster Management 1789.4.1 System Model 1789.4.2 Performance Evaluation 1799.4.2.1 Energy Calculation 1799.5 Results and Discussion 1829.6 Summary 187References 18810 Road Ahead for D2D Communications 191Masood Ur Rehman, Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, and Mohammad Asad Rehman Chaudhry10.1 Future Prospects and Challenges 19110.1.1 Spectrum Sharing and Coexistence 19210.1.2 Standardization 19210.1.3 Secure Communication 19310.1.4 Energy Consumption and Energy Harvesting 19410.1.5 Interference Management 19510.1.6 Resource Allocation 19610.1.7 Device Discovery 19710.1.8 Handover 19810.1.9 Network Slicing 19810.1.10 D2D in Vehicular Communications 19910.1.11 D2D in Disaster Management 19910.1.12 D2D at Millimeter Wave Frequencies 19910.1.13 D2D and Social Networks 20010.1.14 D2D and Visible Light Communication (VLC) 200References 201Index 207