Jan Pieter Beetz is Assistant Professor in Political Theory and European Integration at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. His research focuses on the integration of empirical and normative reflection in political theory and the challenges to a democratic EU in the 21st century.Selin Dilli is Associate Professor of Economic and Social History at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. Her research examines how changes in institutional and structural conditions have influenced gender (in)equality in outcomes such as health, politics, household roles, work, and female entrepreneurship throughout the long 20th century.