Intelligent Copyright Protection for Images

Mr. Subhrajit Sinha Roy received his B. Tech. in Electronics and Communication Engineering from West Bengal University of Technology in 2012 and M. Tech. in Telecommunication from RCC Institute of Information Technology (under West Bengal University of Technology), Kolkata, India, in 2015. At present he is an Assistant Professor in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Global Institute of Management and Technology, Krishnagar, West Bengal, India. He has also been enrolled in the Department of Radio Physics and Electronics under Calcutta University for Ph.D in Engineering and Technology. Till date he has six research publications in international journals, conference proceedings and edited volumes to his credit. His field of interest spans digital image processing, information hiding, FPGA based system design, low power VLSI design and quantum computing.Dr. Abhishek Basu received his B. Tech. in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering from West Bengal University of Technology in the year 2005, M. Tech. in VLSI Design from Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, India in 2008 and Ph. D (Engg) from Jadavpur University, India in 2015. He is currently the Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering department of RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, India. He served as under graduate Program coordinator in the above mentioned Dept. during 30th march 2016 to 1st January, 2017. He is co-editor of a book and has more than 40 research publications in international journals, conference proceedings and edited volumes to his credit. He is the hospitality chair of International Conference on Intelligent Control, Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI 2016), during October 21th -23th, 2016. He is the member of the organizing and technical program committees of several national and international conferences. His research interests include digital image processing, visual information hiding, IP protection technique, FPGA based system design, low power VLSI Design and embedded system design. Dr. Basu is a life member of Indian Association for Productivity, Quality and Reliability, India.Dr. Avik Chattopadhyay received his B. Tech. in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering from West Bengal University of Technology in the year 2006, M. Tech. (in VLSI Design) and Ph. D. (Tech.) from the Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, India in 2009 and 2013, respectively. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. Prior to this, he served as Assistant Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering department of Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India almost for two years. He is co-author of a book-chapter and has more than 20 research publications in international journals, and conference proceedings to his credit. His research interests include design and analysis of novel structures of MOSFETs, study of post-CMOS devices for low power VLSI applications, and designing of FPGA based system.

• ContentsPreface, xiAcknowledgments, xvAbout the Authors, xviiChapter 1 ▪ Introduction 11.1 INFORMATION HIDING AND COPYRIGHTPROTECTION 11.1.1 Overview 11.1.2 Hiding Techniques 21.1.2.1 The Ancient Age 31.1.2.2 The Modern Age 61.2 DIGITAL WATERMARKING AS A COPYRIGHTPROTECTION TOOL 111.2.1 Overview 111.2.2 Basic Operations 131.2.3 Classification 161.2.4 Properties for a Good DigitalWatermarking Scheme 191.2.5 Application 211.2.6 Attacks 24Chapter 2 ▪ Perspectives on Digital ImageWatermarking 272.1 INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL IMAGE 272.2 VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF DIGITAL IMAGEWATERMARKING 322.2.1 Spatial Domain Practices 322.2.2 Frequency Domain Practices 352.3 SOME EXISTING FRAMEWORKS FORDIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING 44Chapter 3 ▪ Intelligent Systems Used in CopyrightProtection 593.1 VISUAL SALIENCY AND ITS PURPOSE INDIGITAL WATERMARKING 613.1.1 Saliency and Salient Object 613.1.2 The Purpose of Saliency in DigitalWatermarking 613.1.3 Saliency Detection and a Saliency Map 623.1.4 Various Saliency Map Algorithms forImages 643.2 INTELLIGENT IMAGE CLUSTERING: THEK-MEANS ALGORITHM 673.2.1 Data Clustering 673.2.2 Need for Data Clustering in Digital ImageWatermarking 703.2.3 K-means Algorithm for Data Clustering 71Chapter 4 ▪ Copyright Protection Framework 754.1 WATERMARK EMBEDDING SYSTEM 75Step 1: Evaluating the Saliency Map from theCover Image 77Step 2: Constructing the Hiding Capacity Mapfrom the Saliency Map 80Step 3: Constituting the Watermarked Imagethrough Adaptive LSB Replacement 834.2 WATERMARK EXTRACTING SYSTEM 86Chapter 5 ▪ Hardware Implementation 915.1 OVERVIEW OF HARDWARE REALIZATIONFOR DIGITAL WATERMARKING 925.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR THEPROPOSED IMAGE WATERMARKING SCHEME 965.2.1 Watermark Embedding System 965.2.2 Watermark Extracting System 100Chapter 6 ▪ System Evaluation 1056.1 EMBEDDING SYSTEM OUTCOMES 1056.2 ESTIMATION OF DATA HIDING CAPACITY 1086.3 ANALYSIS OF IMPERCEPTIBILITY OR DATATRANSPARENCY 1096.3.1 Description of Image Quality Metrics,Involved in Imperceptibility Analysis 1096.3.2 Evaluation of Imperceptibility for theProposed Watermarking Scheme 1156.4 OUTPUTS OF THE WATERMARKEXTRACTING SYSTEM AND ITS EFFICACY INTERMS OF ROBUSTNESS 1226.5 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THEPROFICIENCY OF THE PROPOSEDWATERMARKING SYSTEM 1256.6 AN EVALUATION OF HARDWARE SYSTEMSFOR THE PROPOSED WATERMARKING LOGIC 126Chapter 7 ▪ Conclusion 131REFERENCES 135INDEX 151