Richard A Sikora (Edited By) Richard A. Sikora is a University of Bonn, Professor emeritus, who has published numerous books in nematology and plant protection. He has worked in nematology for 53 years as a teacher and researcher and has over 300 peer reviewed publications. He has trained numerous PhD and MS students in practical nematology, many from the tropics and subtropics. During his career he focused on integrated nematode management and alternative tools for control e.g. biocontrol, remote sensing and resistance management.Johan Desaeger (Edited By) Johan Desaeger was born and raised in Belgium,and he graduated as an agricultural engineer from the University of Ghent. He started working with nematodes in 1994 in Kenya at the International Center for Research in Agroforestry. After completing his PhD in Applied Biological Sciences from the University of Leuven in 2001. he moved to the U.S. to work on nematode management in vegetables at the Universities of Florida and Georgia. He made the leap to industry in 2005 when he joined DuPont to start up a nematology program at their former research facility in Delaware. Dr Desaeger came back to Florida and joined the UF/IFAS faculty in the summer of 2016 to build a new nematology research group at the GCREC.Leendert P. G. Molendijk (Edited By) Leendert Molendijk studied nematology and tropical agriculture at Wageningen University and is senior nematologist at the Wageningen University & Research department of Field Crops, leading the section of nematology. He has 30 years of experience in applied nematological research and knowledge transfer to extension organisations and farmers.

• 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Integrated nematode management and crop health: Future challenges and opportunities 2: Field Crops Chapter 2: A triumph of tolerance: Managing the threat to wheat production by the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in the subtropical grain region of eastern Australia Chapter 3: The need for Integrated Management of the Cereal Cyst Nematodes, Heterodera spp in Central Western Asia and North Africa Chapter 4: Cereal Cyst Nematodes in the Western USA Chapter 5: Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Maize in Midwestern U.S. – an unrecognized or ignored threat to production Chapter 6: Maize and root-knot nematodes in South Africa: a problematic, deep-seated association. Chapter 7: Cumulative damage impact (CDI) of plant-parasitic nematodes in smallholder maize cropping systems in East Africa Chapter 8: Management of Root-knot Nematodes in Rice Chapter 9: The unseen rice root nematode problem in irrigated rice Chapter 10: Pratylenchus in sugarcane: A diminishing problem? Chapter 11: Problems and solutions to integrated nematode management of root-knot, reniform and lesion nematodes in cotton in Brazil Chapter 12: Hoplolaimus columbus: A prime candidate for site-specific management in cotton and soybean production Chapter 13: Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita, the most economically damaging pathogen of cotton in the southeastern United States Chapter 14: Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) and its interactions with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 3: Legume Crops Chapter 15: Integrated nematode management of root-lesion and root-knot nematodes in Soybean in Brazil Chapter 16: Status of soybean cyst nematodes and integrated management in China Chapter 17: The Soybean Cyst Nematode: Pervasive and Destructive to Soybean Production in the Midwestern United States Chapter 18: Root-knot and reniform nematodes; double trouble for soybeans in the southern United States Chapter 19: Integrated Management of Root-Knot and Other Nematodes in Food Legumes Chapter 20: Sustainable management of major nematode parasites of chickpea and broad bean in the mediterranean region Chapter 21: Managing Meloidogyne arenaria in peanut with old and new tools in the southeastern USA Chapter 22: The war against the pod nematode, Ditylenchus africanus, on groundnut in South Africa 4: Fruits and Nut Trees Chapter 23: Improving the management of plant parasitic nematodes in banana: integration of technologies and responding to the demand of the consumers and markets Chapter 24: The shifting sands of banana nematode communities under mixed cropping conditions Chapter 25: Pre-planting solutions for the slow decline of citrus caused by Tylenchulus semipenetrans Chapter 26: Sting Nematode Management in Florida Strawberry Chapter 27: Ectoparasitic Nematodes: Emerging Challenges to Wine Grape Production in the Pacific Northwest of North America Chapter 28: Mesocriconema xenoplax predisposes Prunus spp. to Bacterial Canker Chapter 29: A threat to stone fruit and grape production: Tomato Ringspot Virus (ToRSV) transmission by X. americanum s. l. (sensu lato) Chapter 30: A multi-pronged approach for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa Chapter 31: Litchi and guava nematode challenges in South Africa – can we change nematode communities and minimize the problems? Chapter 32: Pratylenchus vulnus going nuts in California Chapter 33: The Root-knot Nematode: Importance and impact on coffee in Brazil 5: Vegetable Crops Chapter 34: A root-knot nematode paradise made in plastic – the case of Florida vegetables Chapter 35: Managing root-knot nematode in open-field and protected tomatoes in India Chapter 36: Sustainable control of root knot nematodes in protected tomatoes in Italy Chapter 37: Integrated management of root-knot nematodes for cucurbit crops in southern Europe Chapter 38: The northern root-knot nematode, a forking problem of carrots in Germany Chapter 39: Mitigating a galling problem in California's carrot production Chapter 40: INM of Pratylenchus penetrans in onion; a versatile approach to control a versatile nematode Chapter 41: INM of Ditylenchus dipsaci in onion: a nematode in a world all it’s own Chapter 42: Lowering quality damage in open-field vegetables caused by Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax in the Low Countries Chapter 43: Face to face – How Paratylenchus bukowinensis deals with vegetables 6: Root and Tuber Crops Chapter 44: The need for new approaches for management of potato cyst nematodes: the view from the Rhineland-Palatinate Chapter 45: Transporters of trouble: Trichodorids and Tobacco rattle virus in potatoes Chapter 46: Will the Globodera pallida epidemic signal the end of the seed potato industry in Scotland? Chapter 47: Integrated Nematode Management of root-knot and root-lesion nematodes in Idaho Potatoes: Major economic limiting factors Chapter 48: Integrated management of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax in potato: a complicated agronomical puzzle in the Netherlands and Belgium Chapter 49: Economic importance of the potato tuber nematode Ditylenchus destructor in Russia Chapter 50: Pratylenchus penetrans and the Potato Early Dying Disease Chapter 51: Modifying a productive sweetpotato farming system in Australia to improve soil health and reduce losses from root knot nematode Chapter 52: Importance and integrated nematode management of the yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys) in yam cropping systems of West Africa Chapter 53: The resilient cassava: undermined by root-knot nematodes Chapter 54: The stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci in sugar beet – a species of extremes Chapter 55: The Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii, Schmidt) - An ancient threat to sugar beet crops in Central Europe has become an invisible actor 7: Emerging Technologies Chapter 56: Let’s be inclusive – the time of looking at individual plant-parasitic nematodes is over: and new technologies allow for it Chapter 57: Nematode Management Through Genome Editing Chapter 58: Emerging technologies for integrated nematode management – remote sensing or proximal sensing as a potential tool to detect and identify nematode infestation Chapter 59: Implementing precision agriculture concepts and technologies into crop production and site-specific management of nematodes Chapter 60: Decision support systems in integrated nematode management: the need for a holistic approach Chapter 61: What does it take to develop a nematicide today and for the future? Chapter 62: Critical terms during development and commercialization of microbial agents for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes 8: Constraints Chapter 63: Technologies for INM in smallholder farming systems: no one-size-fits-all Chapter 64: The unpredictability of adapting INM to climate variability 9: Conclusions Chapter 65: Outlook: a vision of the future of Integrated Nematode Management

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Richard A Sikora (Edited By) Richard A. Sikora is a University of Bonn, Professor emeritus, who has published numerous books in nematology and plant protection. He has worked in nematology for 53 years as a teacher and researcher and has over 300 peer reviewed publications. He has trained numerous PhD and MS students in practical nematology, many from the tropics and subtropics. During his career he focused on integrated nematode management and alternative tools for control e.g. biocontrol, remote sensing and resistance management.Johan Desaeger (Edited By) Johan Desaeger was born and raised in Belgium,and he graduated as an agricultural engineer from the University of Ghent. He started working with nematodes in 1994 in Kenya at the International Center for Research in Agroforestry. After completing his PhD in Applied Biological Sciences from the University of Leuven in 2001. he moved to the U.S. to work on nematode management in vegetables at the Universities of Florida and Georgia. He made the leap to industry in 2005 when he joined DuPont to start up a nematology program at their former research facility in Delaware. Dr Desaeger came back to Florida and joined the UF/IFAS faculty in the summer of 2016 to build a new nematology research group at the GCREC.Leendert P. G. Molendijk (Edited By) Leendert Molendijk studied nematology and tropical agriculture at Wageningen University and is senior nematologist at the Wageningen University & Research department of Field Crops, leading the section of nematology. He has 30 years of experience in applied nematological research and knowledge transfer to extension organisations and farmers.

• 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Integrated nematode management and crop health: Future challenges and opportunities 2: Field Crops Chapter 2: A triumph of tolerance: Managing the threat to wheat production by the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in the subtropical grain region of eastern Australia Chapter 3: The need for Integrated Management of the Cereal Cyst Nematodes, Heterodera spp in Central Western Asia and North Africa Chapter 4: Cereal Cyst Nematodes in the Western USA Chapter 5: Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Maize in Midwestern U.S. – an unrecognized or ignored threat to production Chapter 6: Maize and root-knot nematodes in South Africa: a problematic, deep-seated association. Chapter 7: Cumulative damage impact (CDI) of plant-parasitic nematodes in smallholder maize cropping systems in East Africa Chapter 8: Management of Root-knot Nematodes in Rice Chapter 9: The unseen rice root nematode problem in irrigated rice Chapter 10: Pratylenchus in sugarcane: A diminishing problem? Chapter 11: Problems and solutions to integrated nematode management of root-knot, reniform and lesion nematodes in cotton in Brazil Chapter 12: Hoplolaimus columbus: A prime candidate for site-specific management in cotton and soybean production Chapter 13: Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita, the most economically damaging pathogen of cotton in the southeastern United States Chapter 14: Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) and its interactions with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 3: Legume Crops Chapter 15: Integrated nematode management of root-lesion and root-knot nematodes in Soybean in Brazil Chapter 16: Status of soybean cyst nematodes and integrated management in China Chapter 17: The Soybean Cyst Nematode: Pervasive and Destructive to Soybean Production in the Midwestern United States Chapter 18: Root-knot and reniform nematodes; double trouble for soybeans in the southern United States Chapter 19: Integrated Management of Root-Knot and Other Nematodes in Food Legumes Chapter 20: Sustainable management of major nematode parasites of chickpea and broad bean in the mediterranean region Chapter 21: Managing Meloidogyne arenaria in peanut with old and new tools in the southeastern USA Chapter 22: The war against the pod nematode, Ditylenchus africanus, on groundnut in South Africa 4: Fruits and Nut Trees Chapter 23: Improving the management of plant parasitic nematodes in banana: integration of technologies and responding to the demand of the consumers and markets Chapter 24: The shifting sands of banana nematode communities under mixed cropping conditions Chapter 25: Pre-planting solutions for the slow decline of citrus caused by Tylenchulus semipenetrans Chapter 26: Sting Nematode Management in Florida Strawberry Chapter 27: Ectoparasitic Nematodes: Emerging Challenges to Wine Grape Production in the Pacific Northwest of North America Chapter 28: Mesocriconema xenoplax predisposes Prunus spp. to Bacterial Canker Chapter 29: A threat to stone fruit and grape production: Tomato Ringspot Virus (ToRSV) transmission by X. americanum s. l. (sensu lato) Chapter 30: A multi-pronged approach for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa Chapter 31: Litchi and guava nematode challenges in South Africa – can we change nematode communities and minimize the problems? Chapter 32: Pratylenchus vulnus going nuts in California Chapter 33: The Root-knot Nematode: Importance and impact on coffee in Brazil 5: Vegetable Crops Chapter 34: A root-knot nematode paradise made in plastic – the case of Florida vegetables Chapter 35: Managing root-knot nematode in open-field and protected tomatoes in India Chapter 36: Sustainable control of root knot nematodes in protected tomatoes in Italy Chapter 37: Integrated management of root-knot nematodes for cucurbit crops in southern Europe Chapter 38: The northern root-knot nematode, a forking problem of carrots in Germany Chapter 39: Mitigating a galling problem in California's carrot production Chapter 40: INM of Pratylenchus penetrans in onion; a versatile approach to control a versatile nematode Chapter 41: INM of Ditylenchus dipsaci in onion: a nematode in a world all it’s own Chapter 42: Lowering quality damage in open-field vegetables caused by Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax in the Low Countries Chapter 43: Face to face – How Paratylenchus bukowinensis deals with vegetables 6: Root and Tuber Crops Chapter 44: The need for new approaches for management of potato cyst nematodes: the view from the Rhineland-Palatinate Chapter 45: Transporters of trouble: Trichodorids and Tobacco rattle virus in potatoes Chapter 46: Will the Globodera pallida epidemic signal the end of the seed potato industry in Scotland? Chapter 47: Integrated Nematode Management of root-knot and root-lesion nematodes in Idaho Potatoes: Major economic limiting factors Chapter 48: Integrated management of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax in potato: a complicated agronomical puzzle in the Netherlands and Belgium Chapter 49: Economic importance of the potato tuber nematode Ditylenchus destructor in Russia Chapter 50: Pratylenchus penetrans and the Potato Early Dying Disease Chapter 51: Modifying a productive sweetpotato farming system in Australia to improve soil health and reduce losses from root knot nematode Chapter 52: Importance and integrated nematode management of the yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys) in yam cropping systems of West Africa Chapter 53: The resilient cassava: undermined by root-knot nematodes Chapter 54: The stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci in sugar beet – a species of extremes Chapter 55: The Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii, Schmidt) - An ancient threat to sugar beet crops in Central Europe has become an invisible actor 7: Emerging Technologies Chapter 56: Let’s be inclusive – the time of looking at individual plant-parasitic nematodes is over: and new technologies allow for it Chapter 57: Nematode Management Through Genome Editing Chapter 58: Emerging technologies for integrated nematode management – remote sensing or proximal sensing as a potential tool to detect and identify nematode infestation Chapter 59: Implementing precision agriculture concepts and technologies into crop production and site-specific management of nematodes Chapter 60: Decision support systems in integrated nematode management: the need for a holistic approach Chapter 61: What does it take to develop a nematicide today and for the future? Chapter 62: Critical terms during development and commercialization of microbial agents for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes 8: Constraints Chapter 63: Technologies for INM in smallholder farming systems: no one-size-fits-all Chapter 64: The unpredictability of adapting INM to climate variability 9: Conclusions Chapter 65: Outlook: a vision of the future of Integrated Nematode Management

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Richard A Sikora (Edited By) Richard A. Sikora is a University of Bonn, Professor emeritus, who has published numerous books in nematology and plant protection. He has worked in nematology for 53 years as a teacher and researcher and has over 300 peer reviewed publications. He has trained numerous PhD and MS students in practical nematology, many from the tropics and subtropics. During his career he focused on integrated nematode management and alternative tools for control e.g. biocontrol, remote sensing and resistance management.Johan Desaeger (Edited By) Johan Desaeger was born and raised in Belgium,and he graduated as an agricultural engineer from the University of Ghent. He started working with nematodes in 1994 in Kenya at the International Center for Research in Agroforestry. After completing his PhD in Applied Biological Sciences from the University of Leuven in 2001. he moved to the U.S. to work on nematode management in vegetables at the Universities of Florida and Georgia. He made the leap to industry in 2005 when he joined DuPont to start up a nematology program at their former research facility in Delaware. Dr Desaeger came back to Florida and joined the UF/IFAS faculty in the summer of 2016 to build a new nematology research group at the GCREC.Leendert P. G. Molendijk (Edited By) Leendert Molendijk studied nematology and tropical agriculture at Wageningen University and is senior nematologist at the Wageningen University & Research department of Field Crops, leading the section of nematology. He has 30 years of experience in applied nematological research and knowledge transfer to extension organisations and farmers.

• 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Integrated nematode management and crop health: Future challenges and opportunities 2: Field Crops Chapter 2: A triumph of tolerance: Managing the threat to wheat production by the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in the subtropical grain region of eastern Australia Chapter 3: The need for Integrated Management of the Cereal Cyst Nematodes, Heterodera spp in Central Western Asia and North Africa Chapter 4: Cereal Cyst Nematodes in the Western USA Chapter 5: Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Maize in Midwestern U.S. – an unrecognized or ignored threat to production Chapter 6: Maize and root-knot nematodes in South Africa: a problematic, deep-seated association. Chapter 7: Cumulative damage impact (CDI) of plant-parasitic nematodes in smallholder maize cropping systems in East Africa Chapter 8: Management of Root-knot Nematodes in Rice Chapter 9: The unseen rice root nematode problem in irrigated rice Chapter 10: Pratylenchus in sugarcane: A diminishing problem? Chapter 11: Problems and solutions to integrated nematode management of root-knot, reniform and lesion nematodes in cotton in Brazil Chapter 12: Hoplolaimus columbus: A prime candidate for site-specific management in cotton and soybean production Chapter 13: Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita, the most economically damaging pathogen of cotton in the southeastern United States Chapter 14: Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) and its interactions with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 3: Legume Crops Chapter 15: Integrated nematode management of root-lesion and root-knot nematodes in Soybean in Brazil Chapter 16: Status of soybean cyst nematodes and integrated management in China Chapter 17: The Soybean Cyst Nematode: Pervasive and Destructive to Soybean Production in the Midwestern United States Chapter 18: Root-knot and reniform nematodes; double trouble for soybeans in the southern United States Chapter 19: Integrated Management of Root-Knot and Other Nematodes in Food Legumes Chapter 20: Sustainable management of major nematode parasites of chickpea and broad bean in the mediterranean region Chapter 21: Managing Meloidogyne arenaria in peanut with old and new tools in the southeastern USA Chapter 22: The war against the pod nematode, Ditylenchus africanus, on groundnut in South Africa 4: Fruits and Nut Trees Chapter 23: Improving the management of plant parasitic nematodes in banana: integration of technologies and responding to the demand of the consumers and markets Chapter 24: The shifting sands of banana nematode communities under mixed cropping conditions Chapter 25: Pre-planting solutions for the slow decline of citrus caused by Tylenchulus semipenetrans Chapter 26: Sting Nematode Management in Florida Strawberry Chapter 27: Ectoparasitic Nematodes: Emerging Challenges to Wine Grape Production in the Pacific Northwest of North America Chapter 28: Mesocriconema xenoplax predisposes Prunus spp. to Bacterial Canker Chapter 29: A threat to stone fruit and grape production: Tomato Ringspot Virus (ToRSV) transmission by X. americanum s. l. (sensu lato) Chapter 30: A multi-pronged approach for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa Chapter 31: Litchi and guava nematode challenges in South Africa – can we change nematode communities and minimize the problems? Chapter 32: Pratylenchus vulnus going nuts in California Chapter 33: The Root-knot Nematode: Importance and impact on coffee in Brazil 5: Vegetable Crops Chapter 34: A root-knot nematode paradise made in plastic – the case of Florida vegetables Chapter 35: Managing root-knot nematode in open-field and protected tomatoes in India Chapter 36: Sustainable control of root knot nematodes in protected tomatoes in Italy Chapter 37: Integrated management of root-knot nematodes for cucurbit crops in southern Europe Chapter 38: The northern root-knot nematode, a forking problem of carrots in Germany Chapter 39: Mitigating a galling problem in California's carrot production Chapter 40: INM of Pratylenchus penetrans in onion; a versatile approach to control a versatile nematode Chapter 41: INM of Ditylenchus dipsaci in onion: a nematode in a world all it’s own Chapter 42: Lowering quality damage in open-field vegetables caused by Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax in the Low Countries Chapter 43: Face to face – How Paratylenchus bukowinensis deals with vegetables 6: Root and Tuber Crops Chapter 44: The need for new approaches for management of potato cyst nematodes: the view from the Rhineland-Palatinate Chapter 45: Transporters of trouble: Trichodorids and Tobacco rattle virus in potatoes Chapter 46: Will the Globodera pallida epidemic signal the end of the seed potato industry in Scotland? Chapter 47: Integrated Nematode Management of root-knot and root-lesion nematodes in Idaho Potatoes: Major economic limiting factors Chapter 48: Integrated management of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax in potato: a complicated agronomical puzzle in the Netherlands and Belgium Chapter 49: Economic importance of the potato tuber nematode Ditylenchus destructor in Russia Chapter 50: Pratylenchus penetrans and the Potato Early Dying Disease Chapter 51: Modifying a productive sweetpotato farming system in Australia to improve soil health and reduce losses from root knot nematode Chapter 52: Importance and integrated nematode management of the yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys) in yam cropping systems of West Africa Chapter 53: The resilient cassava: undermined by root-knot nematodes Chapter 54: The stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci in sugar beet – a species of extremes Chapter 55: The Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii, Schmidt) - An ancient threat to sugar beet crops in Central Europe has become an invisible actor 7: Emerging Technologies Chapter 56: Let’s be inclusive – the time of looking at individual plant-parasitic nematodes is over: and new technologies allow for it Chapter 57: Nematode Management Through Genome Editing Chapter 58: Emerging technologies for integrated nematode management – remote sensing or proximal sensing as a potential tool to detect and identify nematode infestation Chapter 59: Implementing precision agriculture concepts and technologies into crop production and site-specific management of nematodes Chapter 60: Decision support systems in integrated nematode management: the need for a holistic approach Chapter 61: What does it take to develop a nematicide today and for the future? Chapter 62: Critical terms during development and commercialization of microbial agents for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes 8: Constraints Chapter 63: Technologies for INM in smallholder farming systems: no one-size-fits-all Chapter 64: The unpredictability of adapting INM to climate variability 9: Conclusions Chapter 65: Outlook: a vision of the future of Integrated Nematode Management

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