Integrated Biomaterials for Biomedical Technology

About the EditorsMurugan Ramalingam is an Associate Professor of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering at the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U977, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), France. Concurrently, he holds an Adjunct Associate Professorship at the Tohoku University, Japan.Ashutosh Tiwari is an Assistant Professor of Nanobioelectronics at Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, Sweden, as well as Editor-in-Chief of Advanced Materials Letters.Seeram Ramakrishna, FREng, FNAE, FAIMBE, is the Director of HEM Labs at the National University of Singapore. He has authored five books and over 400 international journal papers, which have garnered more than 14,000 citations.Hisatoshi Kobayashi is a group leader of WPI Research center MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan. He is currently the President of the International Association of Advanced Materials.

• Preface xi1. 1D~3D Nano-engineered Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications 1Hui Chen, Xiaokang Li and Yanan Du1.1 Introduction 11.2 3D Nanomaterials Towards Biomedical Applications 21.3 Structural and Functional Modification 61.4 Properties of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application 81.5 Applications of NPs 101.6 2D Nanomaterials Towards Biomedical Applications 151.7 1D Nanomaterial Towards Biomedical Applications 211.8 Conclusion 28References 282. Porous Biomaterials 35Nasim Annabi2.1 Introduction 352.2 Porosity and Pore Architecture of Biomaterial Scaffolds 362.3 Methods to Measure Porosity and Pore Size 382.4 Porosity Generation Techniques 392.5 Summary 60References 613. Bioactive and Biocompatible Polymeric Composites Based on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate 67Joseph M. Antonucci and Drago Skrtic3.1 Introduction 683.2 Experimental Approach 753.3 Results and Discussion 913.4 Concluding Remarks/Future Directions 108Acknowledgements 109References 109Appendix 1. List of Acronyms used Throughout the Proposal 1174. Calcium Phosphates and Nanocrystalline Apatites for Medical Applications 121Sunita Prem Victor and Chandra P. Sharma4.1 Introduction 1214.2 Chemistry of Calcium Phosphates 123 Contents vii4.4 Properties of Calcium Orthophosphates 1284.5 Biomedical Applications of Calcium Phosphates 1334.6 Conclusion 138References 1385. SiO2 Particles with Functional Nanocrystals: Design and Fabrication for Biomedical Applications 145Ping Yang5.1 Introduction 1455.2 Fabrication Methods of SiO2 Particles with NCs 1565.3 Main Research Results for SiO2 Particles with NCs 1705.4 Multifunctional SiO2 Particles for Biomedical Applications 2295.5 Conclusions and Outlook 243Acknowledgements 244References 2446. New Kind of Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application 253Yufeng Zheng, Binbin Zhang, Benli Wang and Li Li6.1 Introduction 2536.2 Dental Cast Titanium Alloys 2546.3 Low Modulus Titanium Alloys 2626.4 Nickel Free Shape Memory Titanium Alloys 2666.5 Summary 270References 2707. BMP-based Bone Tissue Engineering 273Ziyad S Haidar and Murugan Ramalingam7.1 Introduction 2747.2 Challenges in Protein Therapy 2777.3 BMP Delivery Requirements 2797.4 BMP-specific Carrier Types and Materials 2827.5 Summary 289Acknowledgements 290References 2908. Impedance Sensing of Biological Processes in Mammalian Cells 293Lamya Ghenim, Hirokazu Kaji, Matsuhiko Nishizawa, Xavier Gidrol8.1 Introduction 2938.2 Cell Attachment and Spreading Processes 2958.3 Cell Motility 2998.4 Apoptosis 3028.5 Mitosis 3038.6 Single Cell Analysis 3038.7 Conclusion 307References 3079. Hydrogel Microbeads for Implantable Glucose Sensors 309Yun Jung Heo and Shoji Takeuchi9.1 Introduction9.2 Fabrication Methods of Hydrogel Microbeads 3119.3 Fluorescence-based Glucose Monitoring 3189.4 Biocompatibility 3259.5 Summary 328References 32810. Molecular Design of Multifunctional Polymers for Gene Transfection 333Chao Lin, Bo Lou and Rong Jin 33310.1 Introduction 33310.2 Barriers to Non-viral Gene Delivery 33510.3 Molecular Design of Polymer Vectors for Efficient Gene Delivery 33810.4 Molecular Design of Polymer Vectors with Low Cytotoxicity 34810.5 Summary 354Acknowledgements 355Appendix: List of Abbreviations 355References 35511. Injectable in situ Gelling Hydrogels as Biomaterials 361Hardeep Singh and Lakshmi S. Nair11.1 Introduction 36211.2 Injectable in situ Gelling Hydrogels 36511.3 Clinical Applications of Hydrogels 36911.4 Injectable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications 37011.5 Conclusions 393References 39312. Metal-polymer Hybrid Biomaterials with High Mechanical and Biological Compatibilities 399Masaaki Nakai and Mitsuo Niinomi12.1 Introduction 39912.2 Fabrication Methods of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 40112.3 Mechanical Properties of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 40312.4 Biological Properties of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 40712.5 Summary 409References 409