Higher education institutions have proven to be one of the most enduring organizations of the last centuries. In recent decades, however, significant changes in their institutional environment have forced universities to rethink their strategies. This is particularly true for management higher education institutions. How do universities, and specifically business schools, deal with these various expectations? Are there different organizational responses in the American, German, or Swedish higher education systems? These and other important questions of higher education management research are examined in this doctoral thesis. Taking neo-institutionalism theory as its basis, the thesis is convincing both conceptually as well as empirically through its multiple case study design. The insights gained are most interesting. They reveal how a form of "organizational schizophrenia" can help institutions comply with external demands without compromising the pursuit of academic reputation which is essential for the inner stability of higher education institutions and their continued existence. This book is relevant both for students and researchers in higher education management as well as management practitioners and administrators. I can say this with conviction as Heinke Robken's doctoral thesis was one of the last that I supervised as a teacher before changing to the president's office of the University of Oldenburg. As such, I read it both from a theoretical viewpoint as well as that of a practitioner.