Sunpreet Singh is researcher in NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI). He has received Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering from Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India. He has contributed extensively in additive manufacturing literature with publications appearing in Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Composite Part: B, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Measurement, International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology, and Journal of Cleaner Production. He has authored more than 150+ research papers and book chapters. He is also editor of 3 books- "Current Trends in Bio-manufacturing", “3D Printing in Biomedical Engineering”, and "Biomaterials in Orthopaedics and Bone Regeneration - Design and Synthesis". He is also guest editor of several journals- special issue of “Functional Materials and Advanced Manufacturing”, Facta Universitatis, series: Mechanical Engineering (Scopus Indexed), Materials Science Forum (Scopus Indexed), and special issue on “Metrology in Materials and Advanced Manufacturing”, Measurement and Control (SCI indexed), Materials, Sustainability (MDPI). Prof. Chander Prakash is working as Pro-Vice Chancellor research, ranking, and accreditation at Geeta University, Haryana, India and he is also associated Project Head at Research Laboratory of 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Nanotechnology, Electronic and Equipment Engineering, Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russia. He is a passionate researcher with diversified research interests—developing materials for biomedical and healthcare applications, additive manufacturing, and developing and exploring new cost- effective manufacturing technologies for biomedical industries. To date, he has published more than 530 scientific articles in various peer-reviewed, reputed top-notch journals, conferences, and books in Materials Science and Manufacturing. He is a Highly Cited Researcher at the international level, and he has 18000+ citations, an H-index of 73, and an i-10 index is 306 (as of January 2026). He edited/authored 40 books, serving as Series Editor of 3 books, Editorial Board Member of journals. He is among India’s Top 1% of leading mechanical and aerospace engineering scientists, as per Research.com. He holds the 38th rank in India and 1,590th rank in the world. He also consistently appeared in the top 2% of researchers as per Stanford Study in 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024.Seeram Ramakrishna is the Director of the Center for Nanofibres and Nanotechnology at the National University of Singapore (NUS), which is ranked among the top 20 universities in the world. He is regarded as the modern father of electrospinning. He is an elected Fellow of UK Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng); Singapore Academy of Engineering; Indian National Academy of Engineering; and ASEAN Academy of Engineering & Technology. He is an elected Fellow of the International Union of Societies of Biomaterials Science and Engineering (FBSE); Institution of Engineers Singapore; ISTE, India; Institution of Mechanical Engineers and Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, UK; and American Association of the Advancement of Science; ASM International; American Society for Mechanical Engineers; American Institute for Medical & Biological Engineering, USA. He is an editor of Elsevier journal Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering.

• 1. Introduction to 3D Printing Technology2. Functional and Smart Materials for 3D Printing3. Characterization of 3D Printing Technologies and Products4. 3D Printing Driving Industries (Automobile, Aerospace, Biomedical, Food, and Architecture)5. Multi-technology (hybrid) Systems6. Special Applications of 4D Printing7. Large Scale 3D Printing

Sunpreet Singh is researcher in NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI). He has received Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering from Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India. He has contributed extensively in additive manufacturing literature with publications appearing in Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Composite Part: B, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Measurement, International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology, and Journal of Cleaner Production. He has authored more than 150+ research papers and book chapters. He is also editor of 3 books- "Current Trends in Bio-manufacturing", “3D Printing in Biomedical Engineering”, and "Biomaterials in Orthopaedics and Bone Regeneration - Design and Synthesis". He is also guest editor of several journals- special issue of “Functional Materials and Advanced Manufacturing”, Facta Universitatis, series: Mechanical Engineering (Scopus Indexed), Materials Science Forum (Scopus Indexed), and special issue on “Metrology in Materials and Advanced Manufacturing”, Measurement and Control (SCI indexed), Materials, Sustainability (MDPI). Prof. Chander Prakash is working as Pro-Vice Chancellor research, ranking, and accreditation at Geeta University, Haryana, India and he is also associated Project Head at Research Laboratory of 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Nanotechnology, Electronic and Equipment Engineering, Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russia. He is a passionate researcher with diversified research interests—developing materials for biomedical and healthcare applications, additive manufacturing, and developing and exploring new cost- effective manufacturing technologies for biomedical industries. To date, he has published more than 530 scientific articles in various peer-reviewed, reputed top-notch journals, conferences, and books in Materials Science and Manufacturing. He is a Highly Cited Researcher at the international level, and he has 18000+ citations, an H-index of 73, and an i-10 index is 306 (as of January 2026). He edited/authored 40 books, serving as Series Editor of 3 books, Editorial Board Member of journals. He is among India’s Top 1% of leading mechanical and aerospace engineering scientists, as per Research.com. He holds the 38th rank in India and 1,590th rank in the world. He also consistently appeared in the top 2% of researchers as per Stanford Study in 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024.Seeram Ramakrishna is the Director of the Center for Nanofibres and Nanotechnology at the National University of Singapore (NUS), which is ranked among the top 20 universities in the world. He is regarded as the modern father of electrospinning. He is an elected Fellow of UK Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng); Singapore Academy of Engineering; Indian National Academy of Engineering; and ASEAN Academy of Engineering & Technology. He is an elected Fellow of the International Union of Societies of Biomaterials Science and Engineering (FBSE); Institution of Engineers Singapore; ISTE, India; Institution of Mechanical Engineers and Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, UK; and American Association of the Advancement of Science; ASM International; American Society for Mechanical Engineers; American Institute for Medical & Biological Engineering, USA. He is an editor of Elsevier journal Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering.

• 1. Introduction to 3D Printing Technology2. Functional and Smart Materials for 3D Printing3. Characterization of 3D Printing Technologies and Products4. 3D Printing Driving Industries (Automobile, Aerospace, Biomedical, Food, and Architecture)5. Multi-technology (hybrid) Systems6. Special Applications of 4D Printing7. Large Scale 3D Printing

Sunpreet Singh is researcher in NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI). He has received Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering from Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India. He has contributed extensively in additive manufacturing literature with publications appearing in Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Composite Part: B, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Measurement, International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology, and Journal of Cleaner Production. He has authored more than 150+ research papers and book chapters. He is also editor of 3 books- "Current Trends in Bio-manufacturing", “3D Printing in Biomedical Engineering”, and "Biomaterials in Orthopaedics and Bone Regeneration - Design and Synthesis". He is also guest editor of several journals- special issue of “Functional Materials and Advanced Manufacturing”, Facta Universitatis, series: Mechanical Engineering (Scopus Indexed), Materials Science Forum (Scopus Indexed), and special issue on “Metrology in Materials and Advanced Manufacturing”, Measurement and Control (SCI indexed), Materials, Sustainability (MDPI). Prof. Chander Prakash is working as Pro-Vice Chancellor research, ranking, and accreditation at Geeta University, Haryana, India and he is also associated Project Head at Research Laboratory of 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Nanotechnology, Electronic and Equipment Engineering, Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russia. He is a passionate researcher with diversified research interests—developing materials for biomedical and healthcare applications, additive manufacturing, and developing and exploring new cost- effective manufacturing technologies for biomedical industries. To date, he has published more than 530 scientific articles in various peer-reviewed, reputed top-notch journals, conferences, and books in Materials Science and Manufacturing. He is a Highly Cited Researcher at the international level, and he has 18000+ citations, an H-index of 73, and an i-10 index is 306 (as of January 2026). He edited/authored 40 books, serving as Series Editor of 3 books, Editorial Board Member of journals. He is among India’s Top 1% of leading mechanical and aerospace engineering scientists, as per Research.com. He holds the 38th rank in India and 1,590th rank in the world. He also consistently appeared in the top 2% of researchers as per Stanford Study in 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024.Seeram Ramakrishna is the Director of the Center for Nanofibres and Nanotechnology at the National University of Singapore (NUS), which is ranked among the top 20 universities in the world. He is regarded as the modern father of electrospinning. He is an elected Fellow of UK Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng); Singapore Academy of Engineering; Indian National Academy of Engineering; and ASEAN Academy of Engineering & Technology. He is an elected Fellow of the International Union of Societies of Biomaterials Science and Engineering (FBSE); Institution of Engineers Singapore; ISTE, India; Institution of Mechanical Engineers and Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, UK; and American Association of the Advancement of Science; ASM International; American Society for Mechanical Engineers; American Institute for Medical & Biological Engineering, USA. He is an editor of Elsevier journal Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering.

• 1. Introduction to 3D Printing Technology2. Functional and Smart Materials for 3D Printing3. Characterization of 3D Printing Technologies and Products4. 3D Printing Driving Industries (Automobile, Aerospace, Biomedical, Food, and Architecture)5. Multi-technology (hybrid) Systems6. Special Applications of 4D Printing7. Large Scale 3D Printing