Agnès Alexandre-Collier is Professor of British Civilization and Politics at the University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté (Dijon, France) and Researcher at the Maison Française d'OxfordAlexandra Goujon is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté (Dijon, France) and Researcher at the CREDESPO.Guillaume Gourgues is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Lyon II – Lumière (France) and Researcher at the TRIANGLE research centre.

• 1. Do Political Innovations Matter? Representative democracy at a crossroads Part I: Elite selection Stream 2. A New Political Elite in France: The end of professionalization? 3. Does Party Democracy Impact American Politics? The Rise of the Amateur Republican during the 2016 US Presidential Cycle 4. Primary Elections for Party Leadership in Italy: A Democratic innovation? 5. Experimenting with Open Non-Partisan Primaries: LaPrimaire.org (2016-2017) Part II: Governance Stream 6. An Undying Breed? The Electoral Mobilization of Supporters’ Networks by the Conservative and Labour Parties in the UK 7. Political Innovation and Democratic Participation within Podemos in Spain 8. A ‘Popular Democracy’ without People? Citizens’ Distant Support for ‘Participatory Governance’ in a French town 9. Privatizing or Renewing Politics? Para-partisan groups in the United States 10. Experimenting Local Civic Activism in Ukraine: The case study of Strong Communities Part III: Technological Stream 11. Tweeting Back: Innovative Political Contestation in Viral Posts on Twitter during the 2017 French Presidential Elections 12. Can Big Data Reinvigorate Political Participation? The Case of the French presidential electoral campaign in 2017 13. The Digital Mobilization of the Discord Community Supporting Jean-Luc Mélenchon’s La France Insoumise and Beppe Grillo’s Five Stars Movement 14. Conclusion: Lessons to draw from the comparison

Agnès Alexandre-Collier is Professor of British Civilization and Politics at the University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté (Dijon, France) and Researcher at the Maison Française d'OxfordAlexandra Goujon is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté (Dijon, France) and Researcher at the CREDESPO.Guillaume Gourgues is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Lyon II – Lumière (France) and Researcher at the TRIANGLE research centre.

• 1. Do Political Innovations Matter? Representative democracy at a crossroads Part I: Elite selection Stream 2. A New Political Elite in France: The end of professionalization? 3. Does Party Democracy Impact American Politics? The Rise of the Amateur Republican during the 2016 US Presidential Cycle 4. Primary Elections for Party Leadership in Italy: A Democratic innovation? 5. Experimenting with Open Non-Partisan Primaries: LaPrimaire.org (2016-2017) Part II: Governance Stream 6. An Undying Breed? The Electoral Mobilization of Supporters’ Networks by the Conservative and Labour Parties in the UK 7. Political Innovation and Democratic Participation within Podemos in Spain 8. A ‘Popular Democracy’ without People? Citizens’ Distant Support for ‘Participatory Governance’ in a French town 9. Privatizing or Renewing Politics? Para-partisan groups in the United States 10. Experimenting Local Civic Activism in Ukraine: The case study of Strong Communities Part III: Technological Stream 11. Tweeting Back: Innovative Political Contestation in Viral Posts on Twitter during the 2017 French Presidential Elections 12. Can Big Data Reinvigorate Political Participation? The Case of the French presidential electoral campaign in 2017 13. The Digital Mobilization of the Discord Community Supporting Jean-Luc Mélenchon’s La France Insoumise and Beppe Grillo’s Five Stars Movement 14. Conclusion: Lessons to draw from the comparison

Agnès Alexandre-Collier is Professor of British Civilization and Politics at the University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté (Dijon, France) and Researcher at the Maison Française d'OxfordAlexandra Goujon is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté (Dijon, France) and Researcher at the CREDESPO.Guillaume Gourgues is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Lyon II – Lumière (France) and Researcher at the TRIANGLE research centre.

• 1. Do Political Innovations Matter? Representative democracy at a crossroads Part I: Elite selection Stream 2. A New Political Elite in France: The end of professionalization? 3. Does Party Democracy Impact American Politics? The Rise of the Amateur Republican during the 2016 US Presidential Cycle 4. Primary Elections for Party Leadership in Italy: A Democratic innovation? 5. Experimenting with Open Non-Partisan Primaries: LaPrimaire.org (2016-2017) Part II: Governance Stream 6. An Undying Breed? The Electoral Mobilization of Supporters’ Networks by the Conservative and Labour Parties in the UK 7. Political Innovation and Democratic Participation within Podemos in Spain 8. A ‘Popular Democracy’ without People? Citizens’ Distant Support for ‘Participatory Governance’ in a French town 9. Privatizing or Renewing Politics? Para-partisan groups in the United States 10. Experimenting Local Civic Activism in Ukraine: The case study of Strong Communities Part III: Technological Stream 11. Tweeting Back: Innovative Political Contestation in Viral Posts on Twitter during the 2017 French Presidential Elections 12. Can Big Data Reinvigorate Political Participation? The Case of the French presidential electoral campaign in 2017 13. The Digital Mobilization of the Discord Community Supporting Jean-Luc Mélenchon’s La France Insoumise and Beppe Grillo’s Five Stars Movement 14. Conclusion: Lessons to draw from the comparison