DANIEL MINOLI has worked extensively in satellite, internet, video, and VoIP engineering, design, and implementations at SES, AT&T, Telcordia (Ericsson), and Bell Telephone Laboratories. He taught at Stevens Institute of Technology, NYU's Information Technology Institute, and at Rutgers University. Mr. Minoli has authored columns for ComputerWorld, NetworkWorld, and Network Computing magazines. He often serves as an Expert Witness in patent infringement/invalidity lawsuits. He is the author of more than ten Wiley publications.

• Preface xiAcknowledgments xiiiAbout the Author xv1 Overview 11.1 Background 21.2 Industry Issues and Opportunities: Evolving Trends 61.2.1 Issues and Opportunities 61.2.2 Evolving Trends 91.3 Basic Satellite Primer 151.3.1 Satellite Orbits 151.3.2 Satellite Transmission Bands 221.3.3 Satellite Signal Regeneration 321.3.4 Satellite Communication Transmission Chain 341.4 Satellite Applications 381.5 Satellite Market View 421.6 Where is Fiber Optic Technology Going? 451.7 Innovation Needed 47References 482 DVB-S2 Modulation Extensions and Other Advances 512.1 Part 1: A Review of Modulation and FEC Principles 522.1.1 Eb/No Concepts 522.1.2 FEC Basics 562.1.3 Filters and Roll-Off Factors 632.2 Part 2: DVB-S2 and DVB-S2 Extensions 712.2.1 DVB-S2 Modulation 712.2.2 DVB-S2 Extensions 772.3 Part 3: Other Ground-Side Advances 842.3.1 Carrier ID 842.3.2 Intelligent Inverse Multiplexing 872.3.3 Implications of H.265 Coding 91References 933 High Throughput Satellites (HTS) and KA/KU Spot Beam Technologies 953.1 Overview 983.2 Multiple Access Schemes and Frequency Reuse 1013.3 Spot Beam Approach 1053.4 Frequency Colors 1093.5 Frequency Bands of Operation 1143.6 Losses and Rain Considerations 1223.7 HTS Applications 1243.8 Comparison Between Approaches 1283.9 A View of KU-Based HTS Systems 1313.10 HTS Design Considerations 1343.11 Spot Beam Antenna Design Basics (Satellite Antenna) 1353.11.1 Single Feed per Beam Antennas 1383.11.2 Multiple Feeds per Beam Antennas 1403.12 Examples of HTS 1423.12.1 ViaSat-1 and -2 1433.12.2 EchoStar 1453.12.3 Eutelsat KA-SAT 1473.12.4 Intelsat EPIC 1493.12.5 Global Xpress 1513.12.6 Other Traditional HTS 1513.12.7 O3b 1533.12.8 Wideband Global Satcom (WGS) 156References 1574 Aeronautical Mobility Services 1614.1 Overview of the Mobility Environment 1624.2 Aeronautical Systems 1664.2.1 Market Opportunities 1664.2.2 Technology Approaches to Aeronautical Connectivity 1684.2.3 Aeronautical Antenna Technology and Regulatory Matters 1754.2.4 Terminal Technology 1784.2.5 A Specific Example of Antenna Engineering (ViaSat) 1784.2.6 Beamforming and Ground-Based Beam Forming (GBBF) Systems 1884.3 Technology Players and Approaches 1924.3.1 Satellite Infrastructure Providers 1924.3.2 Vertical Service Providers to Airlines 198References 2055 Maritime and Other Mobility Services 2075.1 Approaches to Maritime Communication 2075.2 Key Players 2125.2.1 Inmarsat 2125.2.2 ViaSat/KVH 2125.2.3 Intelsat 2135.2.4 O3b 2135.3 Comms-On-The-Move Applications 2165.4 HTS/Ka-Band Transportable Systems 217References 2196 M2M Developments and Satellite Applications 2216.1 A General Overview of the Internet of Things and M2M 2226.2 M2M Frameworks 2336.3 M2M Applications Examples and Satellite Support 2416.3.1 Examples of General Applications 2426.3.2 Satellite Roles Context and Applications 2546.3.3 Antennas for Satellite M2M Applications 2556.3.4 M2M Market Opportunities for Satellite Operators 2566.3.5 Key Satellite Industry Players and Approaches 2636.4 Competitive Wireless Technologies 2826.4.1 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) 2916.4.2 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 291References 2947 Ultra HD Video/TV and Satellite Implications 2977.1 H.265 in the Ultra HD Context 2987.2 Bandwidth/Transmission Requirements 3137.3 Terrestrial Distribution 3157.4 Satellite Distribution 3167.5 Hybrid Distribution 3177.6 Deployment Challenges Costs Acceptance 319References 3198 Satellite Technology Advances: Electric Propulsion and Launch Platforms 3218.1 Basic Technology and Approach for Electric Propulsion 3228.2 EP Engines 3288.2.1 Ion Engines 3308.2.2 Hall Effect Thrusters 3308.2.3 MagnetoPlasma Dynamic Thruster 3338.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of all-EP 3358.4 Basics About Station-Keeping 3378.5 Industry Approaches 3408.6 New Approaches and Players for Launch Platforms 3428.6.1 Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) 3428.6.2 Sea Launch 3448.6.3 Traditional Launchers 344References 345Appendix 8A Transponder Costs 3478A.1 Typical SG&A and EBITDA for the General Commercial World and Satellite Firms 3478A.2 Transponder Costs 354References 356Appendix A Partial Listing of System-Level US Patents for Spot-Beam/Multi-Beam Satellites 357Appendix B Glossary of Key Satellite Concepts and Terms 367Index 413

DANIEL MINOLI has worked extensively in satellite, internet, video, and VoIP engineering, design, and implementations at SES, AT&T, Telcordia (Ericsson), and Bell Telephone Laboratories. He taught at Stevens Institute of Technology, NYU's Information Technology Institute, and at Rutgers University. Mr. Minoli has authored columns for ComputerWorld, NetworkWorld, and Network Computing magazines. He often serves as an Expert Witness in patent infringement/invalidity lawsuits. He is the author of more than ten Wiley publications.

• Preface xiAcknowledgments xiiiAbout the Author xv1 Overview 11.1 Background 21.2 Industry Issues and Opportunities: Evolving Trends 61.2.1 Issues and Opportunities 61.2.2 Evolving Trends 91.3 Basic Satellite Primer 151.3.1 Satellite Orbits 151.3.2 Satellite Transmission Bands 221.3.3 Satellite Signal Regeneration 321.3.4 Satellite Communication Transmission Chain 341.4 Satellite Applications 381.5 Satellite Market View 421.6 Where is Fiber Optic Technology Going? 451.7 Innovation Needed 47References 482 DVB-S2 Modulation Extensions and Other Advances 512.1 Part 1: A Review of Modulation and FEC Principles 522.1.1 Eb/No Concepts 522.1.2 FEC Basics 562.1.3 Filters and Roll-Off Factors 632.2 Part 2: DVB-S2 and DVB-S2 Extensions 712.2.1 DVB-S2 Modulation 712.2.2 DVB-S2 Extensions 772.3 Part 3: Other Ground-Side Advances 842.3.1 Carrier ID 842.3.2 Intelligent Inverse Multiplexing 872.3.3 Implications of H.265 Coding 91References 933 High Throughput Satellites (HTS) and KA/KU Spot Beam Technologies 953.1 Overview 983.2 Multiple Access Schemes and Frequency Reuse 1013.3 Spot Beam Approach 1053.4 Frequency Colors 1093.5 Frequency Bands of Operation 1143.6 Losses and Rain Considerations 1223.7 HTS Applications 1243.8 Comparison Between Approaches 1283.9 A View of KU-Based HTS Systems 1313.10 HTS Design Considerations 1343.11 Spot Beam Antenna Design Basics (Satellite Antenna) 1353.11.1 Single Feed per Beam Antennas 1383.11.2 Multiple Feeds per Beam Antennas 1403.12 Examples of HTS 1423.12.1 ViaSat-1 and -2 1433.12.2 EchoStar 1453.12.3 Eutelsat KA-SAT 1473.12.4 Intelsat EPIC 1493.12.5 Global Xpress 1513.12.6 Other Traditional HTS 1513.12.7 O3b 1533.12.8 Wideband Global Satcom (WGS) 156References 1574 Aeronautical Mobility Services 1614.1 Overview of the Mobility Environment 1624.2 Aeronautical Systems 1664.2.1 Market Opportunities 1664.2.2 Technology Approaches to Aeronautical Connectivity 1684.2.3 Aeronautical Antenna Technology and Regulatory Matters 1754.2.4 Terminal Technology 1784.2.5 A Specific Example of Antenna Engineering (ViaSat) 1784.2.6 Beamforming and Ground-Based Beam Forming (GBBF) Systems 1884.3 Technology Players and Approaches 1924.3.1 Satellite Infrastructure Providers 1924.3.2 Vertical Service Providers to Airlines 198References 2055 Maritime and Other Mobility Services 2075.1 Approaches to Maritime Communication 2075.2 Key Players 2125.2.1 Inmarsat 2125.2.2 ViaSat/KVH 2125.2.3 Intelsat 2135.2.4 O3b 2135.3 Comms-On-The-Move Applications 2165.4 HTS/Ka-Band Transportable Systems 217References 2196 M2M Developments and Satellite Applications 2216.1 A General Overview of the Internet of Things and M2M 2226.2 M2M Frameworks 2336.3 M2M Applications Examples and Satellite Support 2416.3.1 Examples of General Applications 2426.3.2 Satellite Roles Context and Applications 2546.3.3 Antennas for Satellite M2M Applications 2556.3.4 M2M Market Opportunities for Satellite Operators 2566.3.5 Key Satellite Industry Players and Approaches 2636.4 Competitive Wireless Technologies 2826.4.1 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) 2916.4.2 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 291References 2947 Ultra HD Video/TV and Satellite Implications 2977.1 H.265 in the Ultra HD Context 2987.2 Bandwidth/Transmission Requirements 3137.3 Terrestrial Distribution 3157.4 Satellite Distribution 3167.5 Hybrid Distribution 3177.6 Deployment Challenges Costs Acceptance 319References 3198 Satellite Technology Advances: Electric Propulsion and Launch Platforms 3218.1 Basic Technology and Approach for Electric Propulsion 3228.2 EP Engines 3288.2.1 Ion Engines 3308.2.2 Hall Effect Thrusters 3308.2.3 MagnetoPlasma Dynamic Thruster 3338.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of all-EP 3358.4 Basics About Station-Keeping 3378.5 Industry Approaches 3408.6 New Approaches and Players for Launch Platforms 3428.6.1 Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) 3428.6.2 Sea Launch 3448.6.3 Traditional Launchers 344References 345Appendix 8A Transponder Costs 3478A.1 Typical SG&A and EBITDA for the General Commercial World and Satellite Firms 3478A.2 Transponder Costs 354References 356Appendix A Partial Listing of System-Level US Patents for Spot-Beam/Multi-Beam Satellites 357Appendix B Glossary of Key Satellite Concepts and Terms 367Index 413

DANIEL MINOLI has worked extensively in satellite, internet, video, and VoIP engineering, design, and implementations at SES, AT&T, Telcordia (Ericsson), and Bell Telephone Laboratories. He taught at Stevens Institute of Technology, NYU's Information Technology Institute, and at Rutgers University. Mr. Minoli has authored columns for ComputerWorld, NetworkWorld, and Network Computing magazines. He often serves as an Expert Witness in patent infringement/invalidity lawsuits. He is the author of more than ten Wiley publications.

• Preface xiAcknowledgments xiiiAbout the Author xv1 Overview 11.1 Background 21.2 Industry Issues and Opportunities: Evolving Trends 61.2.1 Issues and Opportunities 61.2.2 Evolving Trends 91.3 Basic Satellite Primer 151.3.1 Satellite Orbits 151.3.2 Satellite Transmission Bands 221.3.3 Satellite Signal Regeneration 321.3.4 Satellite Communication Transmission Chain 341.4 Satellite Applications 381.5 Satellite Market View 421.6 Where is Fiber Optic Technology Going? 451.7 Innovation Needed 47References 482 DVB-S2 Modulation Extensions and Other Advances 512.1 Part 1: A Review of Modulation and FEC Principles 522.1.1 Eb/No Concepts 522.1.2 FEC Basics 562.1.3 Filters and Roll-Off Factors 632.2 Part 2: DVB-S2 and DVB-S2 Extensions 712.2.1 DVB-S2 Modulation 712.2.2 DVB-S2 Extensions 772.3 Part 3: Other Ground-Side Advances 842.3.1 Carrier ID 842.3.2 Intelligent Inverse Multiplexing 872.3.3 Implications of H.265 Coding 91References 933 High Throughput Satellites (HTS) and KA/KU Spot Beam Technologies 953.1 Overview 983.2 Multiple Access Schemes and Frequency Reuse 1013.3 Spot Beam Approach 1053.4 Frequency Colors 1093.5 Frequency Bands of Operation 1143.6 Losses and Rain Considerations 1223.7 HTS Applications 1243.8 Comparison Between Approaches 1283.9 A View of KU-Based HTS Systems 1313.10 HTS Design Considerations 1343.11 Spot Beam Antenna Design Basics (Satellite Antenna) 1353.11.1 Single Feed per Beam Antennas 1383.11.2 Multiple Feeds per Beam Antennas 1403.12 Examples of HTS 1423.12.1 ViaSat-1 and -2 1433.12.2 EchoStar 1453.12.3 Eutelsat KA-SAT 1473.12.4 Intelsat EPIC 1493.12.5 Global Xpress 1513.12.6 Other Traditional HTS 1513.12.7 O3b 1533.12.8 Wideband Global Satcom (WGS) 156References 1574 Aeronautical Mobility Services 1614.1 Overview of the Mobility Environment 1624.2 Aeronautical Systems 1664.2.1 Market Opportunities 1664.2.2 Technology Approaches to Aeronautical Connectivity 1684.2.3 Aeronautical Antenna Technology and Regulatory Matters 1754.2.4 Terminal Technology 1784.2.5 A Specific Example of Antenna Engineering (ViaSat) 1784.2.6 Beamforming and Ground-Based Beam Forming (GBBF) Systems 1884.3 Technology Players and Approaches 1924.3.1 Satellite Infrastructure Providers 1924.3.2 Vertical Service Providers to Airlines 198References 2055 Maritime and Other Mobility Services 2075.1 Approaches to Maritime Communication 2075.2 Key Players 2125.2.1 Inmarsat 2125.2.2 ViaSat/KVH 2125.2.3 Intelsat 2135.2.4 O3b 2135.3 Comms-On-The-Move Applications 2165.4 HTS/Ka-Band Transportable Systems 217References 2196 M2M Developments and Satellite Applications 2216.1 A General Overview of the Internet of Things and M2M 2226.2 M2M Frameworks 2336.3 M2M Applications Examples and Satellite Support 2416.3.1 Examples of General Applications 2426.3.2 Satellite Roles Context and Applications 2546.3.3 Antennas for Satellite M2M Applications 2556.3.4 M2M Market Opportunities for Satellite Operators 2566.3.5 Key Satellite Industry Players and Approaches 2636.4 Competitive Wireless Technologies 2826.4.1 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) 2916.4.2 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 291References 2947 Ultra HD Video/TV and Satellite Implications 2977.1 H.265 in the Ultra HD Context 2987.2 Bandwidth/Transmission Requirements 3137.3 Terrestrial Distribution 3157.4 Satellite Distribution 3167.5 Hybrid Distribution 3177.6 Deployment Challenges Costs Acceptance 319References 3198 Satellite Technology Advances: Electric Propulsion and Launch Platforms 3218.1 Basic Technology and Approach for Electric Propulsion 3228.2 EP Engines 3288.2.1 Ion Engines 3308.2.2 Hall Effect Thrusters 3308.2.3 MagnetoPlasma Dynamic Thruster 3338.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of all-EP 3358.4 Basics About Station-Keeping 3378.5 Industry Approaches 3408.6 New Approaches and Players for Launch Platforms 3428.6.1 Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) 3428.6.2 Sea Launch 3448.6.3 Traditional Launchers 344References 345Appendix 8A Transponder Costs 3478A.1 Typical SG&A and EBITDA for the General Commercial World and Satellite Firms 3478A.2 Transponder Costs 354References 356Appendix A Partial Listing of System-Level US Patents for Spot-Beam/Multi-Beam Satellites 357Appendix B Glossary of Key Satellite Concepts and Terms 367Index 413